Abstract: A five-part internal reference electrode, including a membrane formed in situ, which is useful in automated clinical chemistry analyzers, the method of forming a direct solid state connection to the membrane eliminating the need for the use of an internal reference electrode internal filling solution, and a ganged assembly of said internal reference electrodes with a grounding unit and an external reference electrode.

Abstract: A five-part internal reference electrode, including a membrane formed in situ, which is useful in automated clinical chemistry analyzers, the method of forming a direct solid state connection to the membrane eliminating the need for the use of an internal reference electrode internal filling solution, and a ganged assembly of said internal reference electrodes with a grounding unit and an external reference electrode.

Abstract: An electrode assembly of the flow-through type comprising as a key element a porous and a preferably microporous tubular material impregnated with a matrix of an organic plastic material containing a nonvolatile solvent plasticizer and an ion-active material dissolved in the plasticizer, the plasticizer not being a solvent for the tubular material. There is also disclosed an electrode assembly involving a membrane material in which the membrane material communicates electrically directly through a metal conductor.

Abstract: A dip electrode assembly comprising as a key element a porous and a preferably microporous membrane support impregnated with a membrane matrix of an organic plastic material containing a nonvolatile solvent plasticizer and an ion-active material dissolved in the plasticizer, the plasticizer not being a solvent for the membrane support. There is also disclosed an electrode assembly involving a membrane material in which the membrane material communicates electrically directly through a metal conductor.