Abstract: Disclosed is a post-treatment method of a piezoelectric oxide single crystal substrate for suppressing pyroelectric properties of the substrate, and a method for manufacturing a lithium tantalate single crystal substrate using the same. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a post-treatment method of a piezoelectric oxide single crystal substrate, the method including: loading at least one reducing agent and the single crystal substrate into a treatment device; and performing reduction treatment by heat treating the substrate while maintaining the inside of the treatment device in a preset environment, wherein the preset environment means that heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 200° C. to 400° C. under normal pressure.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for transmitting and receiving a chat message through a message server. A user transmits and receives a chat message to and from a friend of a first type and receives a chat message from a friend of a second type, and receives various chat messages from a company supporting the friend of the second type.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for transmitting and receiving a chat message through a message server. A user transmits and receives a chat message to and from a friend of a first type and receives a chat message from a friend of a second type, and receives various chat messages from a company supporting the friend of the second type.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for transmitting and receiving a chat message through a message server. A user may transmit and receive a chat message to and from a friend of a first type and may receive a chat message from a friend of a second type, and receive various chat messages from a company supporting the friend of the second type.

Abstract: Disclosed are a color converting element and a method for manufacturing the color converting element. The disclosed color converting element includes: first wavelength conversion cells spaced apart from one another; and second wavelength conversion cells arranged among the first wavelength conversion cells. The first and second wavelength conversion cells are made of a material containing glass. The color converting element of the disclosed technology is configured in that color converting cells having different color converting characteristics are periodically arranged, when the color converting element is applied to a color converting glass material which may improve thermal and chemical durability of white LEDs, thus minimizing the degradation of efficiency or luminance caused by an interaction between color converting phosphors or active ions and allowing for ease of adjustment of color rendering index.

Abstract: Disclosed are a color converting element and a method for manufacturing the color converting element. The disclosed color converting element includes: first wavelength conversion cells spaced apart from one another; and second wavelength conversion cells arranged among the first wavelength conversion cells. The first and second wavelength conversion cells are made of a material containing glass. The color converting element of the disclosed technology is configured in that color converting cells having different color converting characteristics are periodically arranged, when the color converting element is applied to a color converting glass material which may improve thermal and chemical durability of white LEDs, thus minimizing the degradation of efficiency or luminance caused by an interaction between color converting phosphors or active ions and allowing for ease of adjustment of color rendering index.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for transmitting and receiving a chat message through a message server. A user may transmit and receive a chat message to and from a friend of a first type and may receive a chat message from a friend of a second type, and receive various chat messages from a company supporting the friend of the second type.