Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an undercoat layer that includes metal oxide particles and a compound represented by formula (1).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a secondary battery control apparatus includes a charger/discharger and a charge/discharge controller. The charger/discharger connects a plurality of secondary batteries, and charges one secondary battery by electric power discharged by another secondary battery. The charge/discharge controller controls the charger/discharger such that charging and discharging are performed between the plurality of secondary batteries by using the charger/discharger if battery temperature information detected by temperature detector is lower than a preset threshold temperature, wherein the charging is stopped and switched to discharging or pause if voltage information detected by the voltage detector reaches the upper limit voltage of the secondary battery, and the discharging is stopped and switched to charging or pause if the voltage information detected by the voltage detector reaches the lower limit voltage of the secondary battery.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine has an upstream side NOX selective reduction catalyst and a downstream side NOX selective reduction catalyst which are arranged in an engine exhaust passage. The upstream side NOX selective reduction catalyst has a region where the NOX removal rate becomes substantially constant when the ratio of concentration of ammonia to NOX of the inflowing exhaust rises. The internal combustion engine has an operating state in that region where the ratio of concentration of ammonia to NOX is maintained. The downstream side NOX selective reduction catalyst has an ammonia oxidation ability which is larger than the upstream side NOX selective reduction catalyst.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine has an ammonia feeder which feeds ammonia to a combustion chamber and an NOx selective reduction catalyst which is arranged in an engine exhaust passage. The removal rate of the NOx selective reduction catalyst depends on a ratio of concentration of ammonia to NOx of the exhaust which flows into the NOx selective reduction catalyst, that is, a ratio of concentration of inflow. A high removal rate range where the NOx removal rate in the NOx selective reduction catalyst becomes substantially maximum and, furthermore, the ammonia removal rate becomes substantially maximum, is set in advance. The internal combustion engine is controlled so that the ratio of concentration of inflow becomes inside the high removal rate range.

Abstract: Methods for generating optical coherence tomography intensity maps are provided. A beam of light is generated and divided along a sample path and a reference path. The sample path beam of light is directed to locations in an X-Y plane. Light returned from each of the sample path and the reference path is received. Sets of outputs are generated, each corresponding to light intensities received at different wavelengths of the light source when the beam of light is directed at a particular X-Y plane location, the light intensities including information about a light reflectance distribution within an object in a depth direction Z at the particular X-Y plane location. A set of outputs generated from directing the beam of light at a particular X-Y plane location is high-pass filtered to generate a set of filtered outputs suitable for generating a two-dimensional image intensity map of the object.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus includes a substrate; a pixel area constituted of one or more pixels including a sensor element on the substrate; and a light source, wherein the light source is disposed at a side of the substrate in which the pixel area is disposed and outside of the pixel area, and light from the light source is incident on the sensor element.

Abstract: In a seatbelt warning apparatus, a control unit performs a transition process configured to transfer the mode to a baggage recognition mode on the condition that a load detection unit detects a load larger than a first load and smaller than a second load continuously for a preset time in the not-seated recognition mode, and to the not-seated recognition mode on the condition that the load detection unit detects a load smaller than a predetermined load continuously for a preset time in the baggage recognition mode, and a transfer time t1 required to transferring to the baggage recognition mode in the transition process is set to be shorter than a time T required for increasing the load from the first load to the second load by the vehicle acceleration characteristics.

Abstract: A seat load detection apparatus includes: a load detector detecting part of a load acting on a vehicle seat which is capable of changing the posture of a seatback forward from the first stage position as a most upright position of a seatable position to the forwardly inclined position which is a forwardly inclined position on which the passenger cannot be seated; a load body determination unit determining a load body acting on the vehicle seat on the basis of a detected load detected by the load detector; a seat posture detector detecting the forwardly inclined position of the seatback; and a state determination unit determining the state change of the vehicle seat on the basis of the variation of the detected load and restrict the determination of the state change of the vehicle seat on the basis of an output from the seat posture detector.

Abstract: A configuration of a tubing pump capable of improving flow rate accuracy which is required, particularly, in infusion pumps for medical use is developed. In a tubing pump that delivers a liquid in a tube which is separately loaded, a pump mechanism includes a valve mechanism unit that occludes and releases occlusion to the loaded tube and a tube pressing mechanism unit that repeatedly presses the tube, and the tube squeezing mechanism unit includes a pump block which has its movement guided by at least two guide shafts.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer includes a plurality cells that are electrically connected to form a unit. Each of the cells includes a first electrode and a second electrode provided with a gap being disposed therebetween. Dummy cells that are not electrically connected to the cells are provided around the outer periphery of the unit of the cells.

Abstract: A system and method for managing smart grid communication is disclosed. The system includes a communication module, a discovery module, a translation module and a smart grid module. The communication module receives data initiating smart grid communication between a utility server and a communication node. The discovery module identifies a server protocol used by the utility server to communicate with the communication node. The discovery module identifies a node protocol used by the communication node to communicate with the utility server. The node protocol is incompatible with the server protocol. The translation module performs a protocol translation between the server protocol and the node protocol. The smart grid module handles the smart grid communication between the utility server and the communication node using the protocol translation.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an array antenna apparatus includes a distributor, transmission phase shifters, transmission amplifiers, transmission filters, transmission/reception switches, limiters, reception filters, low-noise amplifiers, reception phase shifters, a combiner, a vacuum vessel, a refrigerating unit, and a cooling plate.

Abstract: A utility vehicle is capable of switching between a two wheel drive mode for transmitting drive force to rear wheels and a four wheel drive mode for transmitting the drive force to front wheels and the rear wheels. The transmission includes an input shaft to which the drive force from an engine is inputted, a front wheel drive output shaft for transmitting the drive force of the input shaft to the front wheels, and a rear axle for transmitting the drive force of the input shaft to the rear wheels. A rear wheel drive output shaft is provided in a motive power transmission route between the front wheel drive output shaft and the rear axle.

Abstract: Provided are radiation enhanced resistive switching layers, resistive random access memory (ReRAM) cells including these layers, as well as methods of forming these layers and cells. Radiation creates defects in resistive switching materials that allow forming and breaking conductive paths in these materials thereby improving their resistive switching characteristics. For example, ionizing radiation may break chemical bonds in various materials used for such a layer, while non-ionizing radiation may form electronic traps. Radiation power, dozing, and other processing characteristics can be controlled to generate a distribution of defects within the resistive switching layer. For example, an uneven distribution of defects through the thickness of a layer may help with lowering switching voltages and/or currents. Radiation may be performed before or after thermal annealing, which may be used to control distribution of radiation created defects and other types of defects in resistive switching layers.

Abstract: Provided are ReRAM cells, each having at least one interface between an electrode and a resistive switching layers with a maximum field value of less than 0.25. The electrode materials forming such interfaces include tantalum nitrides doped with lanthanum, aluminum, erbium yttrium, or terbium (e.g., TaX(Dopant)YN, where X is at least about 0.95). The electrode materials have low work functions (e.g., less than about 4.5 eV). At the same time, the resistive switching materials have high relative dielectric permittivities (e.g., greater than about 30) and high electron affinities (greater than about for 3.5 eV). Niobium oxide is one example of a suitable resistive switching material. Another electrode interfacing the resistive switching layer may have different characteristics and, in some embodiments, may be an inert electrode.

Abstract: Provided are resistive random access memory (ReRAM) cells having bi-layered metal oxide structures. The layers of a bi-layered structure may have different compositions and thicknesses. Specifically, one layer may be thinner than the other layer, sometimes as much as 5 to 20 times thinner. The thinner layer may be less than 30 Angstroms thick or even less than 10 Angstroms thick. The thinner layer is generally more oxygen rich than the thicker layer. Oxygen deficiency of the thinner layer may be less than 5 atomic percent or even less than 2 atomic percent. In some embodiments, a highest oxidation state metal oxide may be used to form a thinner layer. The thinner layer typically directly interfaces with one of the electrodes, such as an electrode made from doped polysilicon. Combining these specifically configured layers into the bi-layered structure allows improving forming and operating characteristics of ReRAM cells.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device that contains a resistive switching memory element with improved device switching performance and lifetime, and methods of forming the same. A nonvolatile memory element includes a first electrode layer formed on a substrate, a resistive switching layer formed on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer. The resistive switching layer comprises a metal oxide and is disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The elemental metal selected for each of the first and second electrode layers is the same metal as selected to form the metal oxide resistive switching layer. The use of common metal materials within the memory element eliminates the growth of unwanted and incompatible native oxide interfacial layers that create undesirable circuit impedance.

Abstract: The present oil separator is an oil separator for capturing oil contained in blow-by gas generated in an engine, and includes a housing provided independently of a body of the engine and a gas-liquid separation unit which is provided in the housing and separates blow-by gas into a gas component and an oil component. The housing includes a lead-in port through which the blow-by gas is led in, a lead-out port through which the gas component is led out, and a drain port through which the oil component is discharged. And the housing has an attachment portion inside to which a plurality of types of the gas-liquid separation units respectively are attachable, to which attachment portion, selected one of the plurality of types of gas-liquid separation units is attached.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless device is provided with a semiconductor chip, a substrate, an antenna, and a sealing material. The chip includes a wireless circuit. The substrate has a plurality of terminals arranged on a first surface and the chip arranged on a second surface. The antenna includes a radiation element and is electrically connected to the chip. The sealing material seals the chip and the antenna. A distance between a first wall of the sealing material substantially parallel to the second surface and the radiation element is equal to or more than a distance between a second wall of the sealing material substantially perpendicular to the second surface and the radiation element.

Abstract: To provide an organic electroluminescence device that emits blue light and is excellent in luminescence properties (in particular, external quantum yield), and provide an organic metal complex including xanthone in a ligand of the following formula (1).