Abstract: A micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) includes a circuit substrate comprising electronic circuitry, a support substrate having a recess, a bonding layer disposed between the circuit substrate and the support substrate, through holes passing through the circuit substrate to the recess, a first conductive layer disposed on a front side of the circuit substrate, and a second conductive layer disposed on an inner wall of the recess. The first conductive layer extends into the through holes and the second conductive layer extends into the through holes and coupled to the first conductive layer.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a processing circuit of a telecommunications device. The processing circuit includes a pre-buffer, a de-shuffler, and a processing module. The pre-buffer is configured to receive and buffer a plurality of sets of data of a transport block in a shuffled order. The sets of data correspond to a plurality of code blocks, respectively. The de-shuffler is coupled to the pre-buffer and is configured to retrieve the sets of data from the pre-buffer in a de-shuffled order. The de-shuffled order is different from the shuffled order. The processing module is coupled to the de-shuffler and is configured to receive the sets of data from the de-shuffler in the de-shuffled order to recover the code blocks.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a processing circuit of a telecommunications device. The processing circuit includes a pre-buffer, a de-shuffler, and a processing module. The pre-buffer is configured to receive and buffer a plurality of sets of data of a transport block in a shuffled order. The sets of data correspond to a plurality of code blocks, respectively. The de-shuffler is coupled to the pre-buffer and is configured to retrieve the sets of data from the pre-buffer in a de-shuffled order. The de-shuffled order is different from the shuffled order. The processing module is coupled to the de-shuffler and is configured to receive the sets of data from the de-shuffler in the de-shuffled order to recover the code blocks.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for updating check-node of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes decoder. The method comprises the following steps: First of all, sort all data that are input into the check-node of LDPC codes decoder to find a minimum absolute value and a second minimum absolute value. Secondly, compare each of all the data to both of the minimum absolute value. If the compared data is equivalent to the current minimum absolute value, the compared data is updated by the secondary minimum absolute value. Otherwise, the compared data is updated by the minimum absolute value.