Abstract: A method of operating a superconductor in its superconductivity state at a temperature Tc(i) in the range of Tc* to Tc, where Tc* is greater than the superconductivity temperature Tc of the superconductor, includes cooling the superconductor to a temperature of Tc or less and applying energy to the superconductor after the superconductor has entered a superconducting state. The energy corresponds to the quantum energy h? in the range of a minimum energy less than E0 to less than E0, where E0 is the ground state of the two-dimensional excitation binding energy of the superconductor The superconductor is then cooled to the selected temperature Tc(i). The minimum energy is 8/9 of E0.

Abstract: A method of operating a superconductor in its superconductivity state at a temperature Tc(i) in the range of Tc* to Tc, where Tc* is greater than the superconductivity temperature Tc of the superconductor, includes cooling the superconductor to a temperature of Tc or less and applying energy to the superconductor after the superconductor has entered a superconducting state. The energy corresponds to the quantum energy hv in the range of a minimum energy less than E0 to less than E0, where E0 is the ground state of the two-dimensional excitation binding energy of the superconductor The superconductor is then cooled to the selected temperature Tc(i). The minimum energy is 8/9 of E0.

Abstract: The invention comprises a lighting arrangement and an aquarium. The lighting arrangement has a light source, a light conducting conduit, a first part positioning means engageable to, or engaged with, the light source, and a second part positioning means engageable or engaged with the light conducting conduit. The light source and one end of the light conducting conduit can be placed in a position such that the light conducting conduit and the light source are mounted on opposite sides of a sheet of light conducting material so that the light conducting conduit conducts light from the light source. The lighting arrangement can be used to provide decoration within an aquarium.