Abstract: An arrangement for increasing resolution of a laser scanning microscope has a simplified adjustment and lower susceptibility to errors. The pupil beam from the laser scanning microscope is coupled into a shortened common path interferometer, to make wavefronts of a pupil image mirrored at at least one axis and wavefronts of an unchanged pupil image interfere. The area of a pupil from the pupil beam is split into two complementary portions P and Q producing two partial beams separately supplied to at least one beam deflection means by total-internal reflection along the common path interferometer. The light of the interferometer branches from transmitted light of the one interferometer branch and reflected light of the other interferometer branch is made to interfere at a partly transmissive beam splitter layer to cause constructive interference C and destructive interference D of the wavefronts from the two different portions P and Q of the pupil.

Abstract: A light microscope comprises: a structuring optical unit comprising a waveguide chip for providing a structured illumination; an input selection device for variably directing light to one of several inputs of the waveguide chip; the waveguide chip further comprising a light guide path following each of the inputs; each light guide path divides into several path divisions; and each path division leads to one output of the wave-guide chip. The outputs of the waveguide chip can be arranged at a pupil plane of the light microscope, and an exit direction of light from the outputs is transverse to a plane defined by the waveguide chip. A method for providing structured illumination light using the light microscope is also described.

Abstract: Various approaches in which an image-recording parameter is varied between a plurality of images of an object and a stereo image pair is displayed on the basis of the images recorded thus are described. Here, in particular, the image-recording parameter can be a focal plane or an illumination direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for manipulating a focus of excitation light on or in a sample, particularly in a microscope, comprising a light source for emitting excitation light, an excitation beam path for guiding the excitation light onto or into the sample, the excitation beam path comprising an objective for guiding the excitation light onto or into the sample and a wavefront modulator for modulating the excitation light, and a control device for driving the wavefront modulator.

Abstract: Various approaches in which an image-recording parameter is varied between a plurality of images of an object and a stereo image pair is displayed on the basis of the images recorded thus are described. Here, in particular, the image-recording parameter can be a focal plane or an illumination direction.

Abstract: An optical device includes a sample holder configured to fix an object in the beam path of the optical device, and an illumination module which has a plurality of light sources and configured to illuminate the object from a plurality of illumination directions by operating the light sources, wherein each illumination direction has an assigned luminous field. The optical device also has a filter arranged between the illumination module and the sample holder and configured to expand the assigned luminous field for each illumination direction. As a result, it is possible to reduce artefacts on account of contaminants during the angularly-selective illumination. Techniques of digital artefact reduction are also described. By way of example, the optical device can be a microscope.

Abstract: A light microscope comprises: a structuring optical unit comprising a waveguide chip for providing a structured illumination; an input selection device for variably directing light to one of several inputs of the waveguide chip; the waveguide chip further comprising a light guide path following each of the inputs; each light guide path divides into several path divisions; and each path division leads to one output of the wave-guide chip. The outputs of the waveguide chip can be arranged at a pupil plane of the light microscope, and an exit direction of light from the outputs is transverse to a plane defined by the waveguide chip. A method for providing structured illumination light using the light microscope is also described.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomograph includes a wavelength tunable illuminating device, an illumination and measurement beam path with a dividing element and a scanner and a front optical unit and a reference beam path, a detection beam path and a flat panel detector. A beam splitter conducts the separated measurement radiation to the detection beam path and an optical element acts only on the illumination radiation. The optical element sets the numerical aperture of the illumination of the illumination field in the eye. An optical element acts only on the measurement radiation and sets the numerical aperture with which measurement radiation is collected in the eye. An aperture is arranged in front of the flat panel detector in an intermediate image plane and defines the size of an object field. The flat panel detector has a spatial resolution of 4 to 100 pixels in a direction.

Abstract: An arrangement for increasing resolution of a laser scanning microscope has a simplified adjustment and lower susceptibility to errors. The pupil beam from the laser scanning microscope is coupled into a shortened common path interferometer, to make wavefronts of a pupil image mirrored at at least one axis and wavefronts of an unchanged pupil image interfere. The area of a pupil from the pupil beam is split into two complementary portions P and Q producing two partial beams separately supplied to at least one beam deflection means by total-internal reflection along the common path interferometer. The light of the interferometer branches from transmitted light of the one interferometer branch and reflected light of the other interferometer branch is made to interfere at a partly transmissive beam splitter layer to cause constructive interference C and destructive interference D of the wavefronts from the two different portions P and Q of the pupil.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a light source and a detector, and also a sample holder, which is configured to fix an object in the optical path of light. A scanning optical unit is configured, for a multiplicity of scanning positions, in each case selectively to direct light incident from different angular ranges from the object onto the detector. On the basis of a three-dimensional light field represented by corresponding measurement data of the multiplicity of scanning positions, a spatially resolved imaging of the object is generated, said imaging comprising at least two images from different object planes of the object.

Abstract: An optical device includes a sample holder configured to fix an object in the beam path of the optical device, and an illumination module which has a plurality of light sources and configured to illuminate the object from a plurality of illumination directions by operating the light sources, wherein each illumination direction has an assigned luminous field. The optical device also has a filter arranged between the illumination module and the sample holder and configured to expand the assigned luminous field for each illumination direction. As a result, it is possible to reduce artefacts on account of contaminants during the angularly-selective illumination. Techniques of digital artefact reduction are also described. By way of example, the optical device can be a microscope.

Abstract: An optical detection filter has a transmission spectrum for detecting fluorescence light of a plurality of different fluorescent dyes. In the range between 350 nm and 1000 nm, the transmission spectrum has a first stopband (DS1) from D?1 to D?2, a first passband (DD1) from D?2 to D?3, a second stopband (DS2) from D?3 to D?4, a second passband (DD2) from D?4 to D?5, a third stopband (DS3) from D?5 to D?6, and a third passband (DD3) from D?6 to D?7. The stopbands (DS1, DS2, DS3) each have a mean transmittance of at most 0.01, typically at most 0.001 or at most 0.0001, and the passbands (DD1, DD2) each have a mean transmittance of at least 0.5, typically at least 0.8 or at least 0.9; wherein 350 nm?D?1<D?2<D?3<D?4<D?5<D?6<D?7<1000 nm.

Abstract: An optical observation device having a pupil and at least one adjustable low magnification and one adjustable high magnification is provided, wherein the low magnification is linked to a large pupil diameter (DPmax) and the high magnification is linked to a small pupil diameter (DPmin). A stop apparatus is arranged in a pupil plane or as close as possible to a pupil plane, said stop apparatus having a region diameter which delimits a central transmissive region and having a partly transmissive region that surrounds the central transmissive region outside of the region diameter. The region diameter is smaller than the small pupil diameter (DPmin).

Abstract: An arrangement for correcting aberrations of a specimen surface that vary across the visual field on a microscope, including a lens, a tubular lens, an imaging optics element, a pupil stop disposed in the beam path, and at least one optical element for optical-geometric separation of different image field regions. The optical element for optical-geometric separation of different image field regions is arranged in or near the intermediate image plane. Each individual element of the optical element for optical-geometric separation of different image field regions performs a pupil imaging, defined by the dimensions of the covered area of the intermediate image, such that a distribution of sub-pupils occurs, wherein each sub-pupil is allocated to the angle distribution from the associated image field region.

Abstract: An optical detection filter has a transmission spectrum for detecting fluorescence light of a plurality of different fluorescent dyes. In the range between 350 nm and 1000 nm, the transmission spectrum has a first stopband (DS1) from D?1 to D?2, a first passband (DD1) from D?2 to D?3, a second stopband (DS2) from D?3 to D?4, a second passband (DD2) from D?4 to D?5, a third stopband (DS3) from D?5 to D?6, and a third passband (DD3) from D?6 to D?7. The stopbands (DS1, DS2, DS3) each have a mean transmittance of at most 0.01, typically at most 0.001 or at most 0.0001, and the passbands (DD1, DD2) each have a mean transmittance of at least 0.5, typically at least 0.8 or at least 0.9; wherein 350 nm?D?1<D?2<D?3<D?4<D?5<D?6<D?7<1000 nm.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomograph includes a wavelength tunable illuminating device, an illumination and measurement beam path with a dividing element and a scanner and a front optical unit and a reference beam path, a detection beam path and a flat panel detector. A beam splitter conducts the separated measurement radiation to the detection beam path and an optical element acts only on the illumination radiation. The optical element sets the numerical aperture of the illumination of the illumination field in the eye. An optical element acts only on the measurement radiation and sets the numerical aperture with which measurement radiation is collected in the eye. An aperture is arranged in front of the flat panel detector in an intermediate image plane and defines the size of an object field. The flat panel detector has a spatial resolution of 4 to 100 pixels in a direction.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a light source and a detector, and also a sample holder, which is configured to fix an object in the optical path of light. A scanning optical unit is configured, for a multiplicity of scanning positions, in each case selectively to direct light incident from different angular ranges from the object onto the detector. On the basis of a three-dimensional light field represented by corresponding measurement data of the multiplicity of scanning positions, a spatially resolved imaging of the object is generated, said imaging comprising at least two images from different object planes of the object.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for correcting aberrations of a specimen surface that vary across the visual field on a microscope, including a lens, a tubular lens, an imaging optics element, a pupil stop disposed in the beam path, and at least one optical element for optical-geometric separation of different image field regions. The optical element for optical-geometric separation of different image field regions is arranged in or near the intermediate image plane. Each individual element of the optical element for optical-geometric separation of different image field regions performs a pupil imaging, defined by the dimensions of the covered area of the intermediate image, such that a distribution of sub-pupils occurs, wherein each sub-pupil is allocated to the angle distribution from the associated image field region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a submarine antenna to be attached to the hull of a submarine, said antenna comprising a planar converter arrangement (15) which extends along the hull (11) when attached and which has a reflector (21) and a plurality of electroacoustic converter elements (20). Said converter elements are arranged next to and interspaced from each other and are arranged in front of the reflector (21) in the sound incidence direction. The aim of the invention is to optimize said lateral antenna for attachment to the submarine in terms of its weight and volume and signal-to-disturbance ratio.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention allow the operation of confocal microscopes with relatively open pinholes (e.g. 1 Airy unit) whilst still giving a significant XY resolution improvement. In addition axial (Z) discrimination or resolution may also be improved. This is achieved by splitting the emitted light path in an interferometric fashion. One of the split beams is then directed to an image transformation system, which may perform an image inversion which inverts at least one coordinate in image space. The transformed beam and the non-transformed beam are then recombined in an interferometric fashion (i.e. coherently added), which provides an interference effect resulting in increased resolution of the image. Where the embodiments are being used in a confocal application, the resulting combined beam can then be subject to a spatially discriminating means, such as a pinhole, or the like.