Abstract: The present invention relates to an addressing determination method. By obtaining the calibration position of the light reflected back from the target object detected by the detector at a specified distance, the first sensing distance of the target object within the first time interval, and the first sensing position of the detector, the invention combines an optical model to obtain the first predicted position of the detector at the specified distance based on the first sensing distance and the first sensing position. The invention further determines whether the first predicted position is the same as the calibration position. If the two positions are different, it indicates errors in the process of selecting the region of interest or obtaining the first sensing position within the region of interest.

Abstract: The present invention is direct to lidar systems and methods. According to an embodiment, the present invention provides a lidar system that comprises a laser source, an optical module, a pixel circuit with an array of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), a logic circuit, a time-to-digital converter (TDC). The laser source emits a pulsed laser, and the optical module receives the reflected laser signal. The pixel circuit, positioned behind the optical module, generates electrical outputs based on the reflected laser signal. The logic circuit activates and deactivates SPADs at different times, depending on their distances from the laser source. The TDC creates histogram data from the SPAD array, with each histogram data comprising multiple intensity values for different time bins. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single photon avalanche diode device. The device has a logic substrate comprising an upper surface. The device has a sensor substrate bonded to an upper surface of the logic substrate. In an example, the sensor substrate comprises a plurality of pixel elements spatially disposed to form an array structure. In an example, each of the pixel elements has a passivation material, an epitaxially grown silicon material, an implanted p-type material configured in a first portion of the epitaxially grown material, an implanted n-type material configured in a second portion of the epitaxially grown material, and a junction region configured from the implanted p-type material and the implanted n-type material.

Abstract: One general aspect of the invention includes an apparatus for range determination. The apparatus includes a signal transmitter configured to emit an optical signal a first time. The apparatus also includes a first light transmitting unit configured to direct the optical signal to a target. The apparatus also includes a second light transmitting unit configured to receive a reflected optical signal at a second time, the reflected optical signal being associated with the optical signal and the target. The apparatus also includes a first photoelectric receiver configured to convert a first portion of the reflected optical signal to a first electrical signal. The apparatus also includes a first pulse converter configured to generate a first pulse using the first electrical signal. The apparatus also includes a first time to digital converter (TDC) configured to generate a first TDC output using at least the first electrical signal.

Abstract: Optimizations are provided for a high dynamic range (HDR) sensor. This sensor is a spatially multiplexed image sensor that includes at least two sets of red, green, and blue (RGB) pixels. Each red pixel in the second set of RGB pixels is positioned proximately and sometimes, adjacently, to at least one red pixel in the first set of RGB pixels. Each green pixel in the second set of RGB pixels is positioned proximately to at least one green pixel in the first set of RGB pixels. Each blue pixel in the second set of RGB pixels is positioned proximately to at least one blue pixel in the first set of RGB pixel. This spatially multiplexed image sensor is able to generate a digital image with reduced motion blurring artifacts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single photon avalanche diode device. The device has a logic substrate comprising an upper surface. The device has a sensor substrate bonded to an upper surface of the logic substrate. In an example, the sensor substrate comprises a plurality of pixel elements spatially disposed to form an array structure. In an example, each of the pixel elements has a passivation material, an epitaxially grown silicon material, an implanted p-type material configured in a first portion of the epitaxially grown material, an implanted n-type material configured in a second portion of the epitaxially grown material, and a junction region configured from the implanted p-type material and the implanted n-type material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single photon avalanche diode device. The device has a logic substrate comprising an upper surface. The device has a sensor substrate bonded to an upper surface of the logic substrate. In an example, the sensor substrate comprises a plurality of pixel elements spatially disposed to form an array structure. In an example, each of the pixel elements has a passivation material, an epitaxially grown silicon material, an implanted p-type material configured in a first portion of the epitaxially grown material, an implanted n-type material configured in a second portion of the epitaxially grown material, and a junction region configured from the implanted p-type material and the implanted n-type material.

Abstract: A method for walk error correction in a lidar system. A preliminary peak location of a received laser pulsed is compared to a threshold. If the preliminary peak location is within the threshold, walk error correction is applied. A pulse starting point is obtained by locating a predetermined number of consecutive increasing intensity values. A corrected peak location is obtained using the pulse staring point, and it is used for time of flight calculation. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: Optimizations are provided for a high dynamic range (HDR) sensor. This sensor is a spatially multiplexed image sensor that includes at least two sets of red, green, and blue (RGB) pixels. Each red pixel in the second set of RGB pixels is positioned proximately and sometimes, adjacently, to at least one red pixel in the first set of RGB pixels. Each green pixel in the second set of RGB pixels is positioned proximately to at least one green pixel in the first set of RGB pixels. Each blue pixel in the second set of RGB pixels is positioned proximately to at least one blue pixel in the first set of RGB pixel. This spatially multiplexed image sensor is able to generate a digital image with reduced motion blurring artifacts.

Abstract: A single-photon avalanche diode and a manufacturing method thereof, a detector array, and an image sensor are disclosed. The back-side illuminated single-photon avalanche diode is disposed with a light-trapping structure and a sidewall reflection wall. Incident light is reflected, scattered, and refracted by the light-trapping structure and then dispersed to various angles, and with the addition of the reflection effect of the sidewall reflection wall, the effective optical path of the light in the back-side illuminated single-photon avalanche diode can be extended. The manufacturing method of a back-side illuminated single-photon avalanche diode achieves the manufacturing of the back-side illuminated single-photon avalanche diode.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to sensing devices. In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a SPAD pixel device that include a p-type material that partially encloses an n-type material. The junction between the p-type material and the n-type material is three dimensional and includes both a horizontal area and lateral areas. The SPAD pixel device also includes isolation structures that separate the SPAD pixel device from others. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for controlling and/or modifying operation of a red, green, blue (RGB) laser assembly for creating images in mixed-reality environments. Initially, the lasers in the RGB laser assembly operate in a low power or non-emitting state. Then, the lasers emit laser light to illuminate a pixel or a group of pixels. This illumination occurs for a period of time spanning less than 15 nanoseconds. By causing the lasers to emit laser light only during this short period of time, the resulting laser light is structured with a reduced spatial coherence level. Once the time period elapses, then the lasers again return to the non-emitting state. This process repeats for each pixel such that the lasers generate pulsed emissions. By operating the lasers with a reduced spatial coherence, undesired visual artifacts can be reduced or eliminated within the target display area.

Abstract: A photodetector, a preparation method for a photodetector, a photodetector array and a photodetection terminal. The photodetector comprises a substrate (11) and an optical resonant cavity (10) formed on the substrate (11).

Abstract: The present invention provides a single photon avalanche diode device. The device has a logic substrate comprising an upper surface. The device has a sensor substrate bonded to an upper surface of the logic substrate. In an example, the sensor substrate comprises a plurality of pixel elements spatially disposed to form an array structure. In an example, each of the pixel elements has a passivation material, an epitaxially grown silicon material, an implanted p-type material configured in a first portion of the epitaxially grown material, an implanted n-type material configured in a second portion of the epitaxially grown material, and a junction region configured from the implanted p-type material and the implanted n-type material.

Abstract: Optimizations are provided for a high dynamic range (HDR) sensor. This sensor is a spatially multiplexed image sensor that includes at least two sets of red, green, and blue (RGB) pixels. Each red pixel in the second set of RGB pixels is positioned proximately and sometimes, adjacently, to at least one red pixel in the first set of RGB pixels. Each green pixel in the second set of RGB pixels is positioned proximately to at least one green pixel in the first set of RGB pixels. Each blue pixel in the second set of RGB pixels is positioned proximately to at least one blue pixel in the first set of RGB pixel. This spatially multiplexed image sensor is able to generate a digital image with reduced motion blurring artifacts.

Abstract: Multi-section laser systems are configured with a gain/modulation section and a pre-bias section. Both sections are electrically connected to a diode laser resonator and both sections are independently controllable via laser driver circuitry. The multi-section laser can be used to provide pulsing optimizations that include reducing the turn-on delay of the laser while also ensuring that the resulting laser light's spectral linewidth satisfies a threshold linewidth requirement. During use, a pre-bias current is applied to the pre-bias section. This current causes some photons to be spontaneously emitted. During this time, a gain current is refrained from being applied to the gain section until the resonator is seeded with a spectrum of photons from the pre-bias section. Once the resonator is sufficiently seeded, the gain current is applied to the gain section, thereby producing a seeded pulse of laser light having a desired spectral linewidth.

Abstract: An integrated optical beam steering system is configured in three stages to provide beam steering for image light from an imager (e.g., laser, light emitting diode, or other light source) to downstream elements in a display system such as an exit pupil expander (EPE) in a mixed-reality computing device. The first stage includes a multi-level cascaded array of optical switches that are configurable to spatially route image light over a first dimension of a two-dimensional (2D) field of view (FOV) of the display system. The second waveguiding stage transfers the image light along preformed waveguides to a collimator in the third stage which is configured to collimate the image light along the first dimension of the FOV (e.g., horizontal). The waveguiding and collimating stages may be implemented using lightweight photonic crystal nanostructures.

Abstract: An integrated optical beam steering system is configured in three stages to provide beam steering for image light from an imager (e.g., laser, light emitting diode, or other light source) to downstream elements in a display system such as an exit pupil expander (EPE) in a mixed-reality computing device. The first stage includes a multi-level cascaded array of optical switches that are configurable to spatially route image light over a first dimension of a two-dimensional (2D) field of view (FOV) of the display system. The second waveguiding stage transfers the image light along preformed waveguides to a collimator in the third stage which is configured to collimate the image light along the first dimension of the FOV (e.g., horizontal). The waveguiding and collimating stages may be implemented using lightweight photonic crystal nanostructures.

Abstract: It comprises a receptacle subassembly, a lid subassembly telescopically interacting with the receptacle subassembly by partially penetrating into or by retracting from the receptacle subassembly and a magnetic unit attached to the receptacle subassembly and to the lid subassembly and intended to align and interlock the receptacle subassembly with the lid subassembly; the lid subassembly incorporating supplementarily an optionally detachable frame unit, intended to cover an unaesthetic transitional zone between a contour of the enclosure assembly and a wall opening wherein the enclosure assembly is installed.

Abstract: A light sensing circuit includes a photomultiplier in electrical communication with an array of capacitors or resistors. Each capacitor or resistor in the array having an associated switch and having a capacitance or resistance different from every other capacitor or resistor in the array. Each switch has an open state and a closed state, thus enabling each capacitor or resistor to be placed in electrical communication with the photomultiplier or be isolated from the photomultiplier. The switchable array may be in electrical communication with an analog to digital converter (ADC) or a transimpedance amplifier (TIA). The switchable array allows the ADC or TIA to be sensitive to low value signals and operate at a large dynamic range and operate at a fast rate.