Abstract: A bottle cap and a packaging bottle are disclosed. The bottle cap includes a cap (1) with a layered structure. The cap (1) includes a first layer (2), a second layer (3) and a third layer (4). The first layer (2) is an outer layer, the third layer (4) is an inner layer, the second layer (3) is an intermediate layer located between the first layer (2) and the third layer (4), and the second layer (3) includes at least one low oxygen-permeable barrier layer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for promoting interactions between an array of probes deposited on a microarray substrate and target molecules in a target liquid are provided. A microarray apparatus can include a substrate having an array of probes deposited on a surface of the substrate for interaction with a target molecule in a target liquid. The apparatus also includes a cover coupled to the substrate to form a reaction chamber therebetween, wherein the array of probes is contained within the reaction chamber and the substrate and the cover are movable relative to each other.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and kits for detecting and/or quantifying nucleic acid sequences of interest by using pairs of probes containing donor-acceptor moieties that when hybridized on a target polynucleotide, with one of the probes being hybridized to a sequence of interest in the target polynucleotide, places the donor-acceptor moieties in sufficiently close proximity such that a detectable signal is generated. Methods of the invention are particularly useful for genotyping analysis and gene expression profiling. Methods of the invention are easily adaptable to arrays and automation. The invention also provides probes with enhanced hybridization efficiency and/or specificity comprising a probe portion having a spacer element and/or a minor groove binder molecule, and methods and kits for using these probes.