Abstract: This application relates to a subscription data management method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: a first network element receives, from a second network element, a request message for subscription data; obtains a security token of a terminal device, where the security token is used to verify permission to obtain the subscription data; provides the security token for a blockchain, and queries the blockchain about the subscription data; and if verification succeeds, obtains address information of the subscription data from the blockchain, and sends the address information of the subscription data to the second network element. In the method, the permission to obtain the subscription data is determined by using the blockchain, so that when a subscribed network device does not participate, a visited network device can still obtain the subscription data.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a congestion control method, an apparatus, and a system. The method includes receiving, by a first device, an acknowledgement packet that is from a second device and that includes an ECE identifier. Based on an indication of the ECE identifier the first device starts monitoring a plurality of sub streams on a plurality of transmission paths between the first device and the second device, and grouping, into one set, sub streams that meet a congestion control condition. Additionally, intra-set congestion control is performed on the sub streams in the set. Separately congestion control is performed on a sub stream that is not in the set. The congestion control method is applied to a scenario in which data transmission is performed between the first device and the second device by using the MPTCP.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a congestion control method, an apparatus, and a system. The method includes receiving, by a first device, an acknowledgement packet that is from a second device and that includes an ECE identifier. Based on an indication of the ECE identifier the first device starts monitoring a plurality of sub streams on a plurality of transmission paths between the first device and the second device, and grouping, into one set, sub streams that meet a congestion control condition. Additionally, intra-set congestion control is performed on the sub streams in the set. Separately congestion control is performed on a sub stream that is not in the set. The congestion control method is applied to a scenario in which data transmission is performed between the first device and the second device by using the MPTCP.

Abstract: A binding registration method includes: an SDN controller receiving a first bearer message that is forwarded by a first MAG in multiple MAGs and that carries a first L2 attach request message; sending, to each of the first MAG and an LMA, a message for establishing a tunnel between the first MAG and the LMA; sending, to each of the first MAG and the LMA, a message for adjusting a flow entry of an MN; configuring an HNP(s) for the MN, and encapsulating the HNP(s) into an RA message; and sending the RA message to the first MAG.

Abstract: A binding registration method, a data forwarding method, a related device, and a network system are disclosed. An SDN controller includes: a first receiving unit, configured to receive a first bearer message that is forwarded by a first MAG in multiple MAGs and that carries a first L2 attach request message; a first sending unit, configured to send, to each of the first MAG and an LMA, a message for establishing a tunnel between the first MAG and the LMA; a second sending unit, configured to send, to each of the first MAG and the LMA, a message for adjusting a flow entry of an MN; a configuration and encapsulation unit, configured to: configure an HNP(s) for the MN, and encapsulate the HNP(s) into an RA message; and a third sending unit, configured to send the RA message to the first MAG.