Abstract: A near-field identification system having an object that is or contains electrically conductive material and an ultra-high radio-frequency microstrip transponder. The microstrip transponder having a microstrip line and an identification microchip connected to the microstrip line. The microstrip transponder being on the object at a location where the object has an electrically conductive region, the line following at least one edge of the object. When the identification system is being interrogated by an interrogator from below the system an identification signal from the identification microchip is transmittable from the microstrip line via magnetic near field induced by electric current on the edge of the object to below the object. Also discussed is a method for identifying an object or the kind of an object that is or contains electrically conductive material using near-field identification.

Abstract: A method for determining a value of an environment variable using raw data from an energetically essentially passive remote-access apparatus. A value of a first measurable quantity indicative of the environment variable is obtained from the raw data. The value of the environment variable is determined using calibration data and the value of the first measurable quantity. The accuracy is enhanced by measuring the value of the measurable quantity with a measuring signal of which strength is regulated or by obtaining a value of a second measurable quantity. The second measurable quantity is indicative of the environment variable or measurement conditions of the first measurable quantity. A method for forming calibration data for the measurements. RFID reader devices arranged to carry out the methods and energetically essentially passive remote-access apparatuses for the methods. A database that may be used with the method and a computer product including the database.

Abstract: A near-field identification system comprises: i) an object that is or contains electrically conductive material; and ii) an ultra-high radio-frequency microstrip transponder comprising a microstrip line and an identification microchip connected to the microstrip line; and wherein: the microstrip transponder being on the object at a location where the object has an electrically conductive region, the line following at least one edge of the object. The system is configured, when identification system is being interrogated by an interrogator from below of the system, in such a manner that an identification signal from the identification microchip is transmittable from the microstrip line via magnetic near field induced by electric current on the edge of the object to below the object in such a manner that the identification microchip is identifiable.

Abstract: This document describes a method and system for object localization. In accordance with the method an object (1) is illuminated by at least one first type of signal, and response of the signal is detected. In accordance with the invention the object (1) equipped with a transponder (2, 3) backscattering the first type of signal, the transponder (2, 3) is illuminated also by a second type of signal affecting to the backscattering frequency of the transponder (2, 3), and the backscattered signal from the transponder (2, 3) is detected in order to localize the object.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transponder for marking wood material and a method of manufacturing thereof. The method comprises embedding an RFID microchip and antenna into a casing essentially consisting of one or more biodegradable materials. According to the invention the embedding step comprises forming the antenna by layering conductive material directly on biodegradable material, and covering the antenna by biodegradable material. By means of the invention, environmentally friendly and pulping-compatible transponders can be manufactured, for example, for aiding the logistics of forest industry.

Abstract: A method for determining a value of an environment variable using raw data from an energetically essentially passive remote-access apparatus. A value of a first measurable quantity indicative of the environment variable is obtained from the raw data. The value of the environment variable is determined using calibration data and the value of the first measurable quantity. The accuracy is enhanced by measuring the value of the measurable quantity with a measuring signal of which strength is regulated or by obtaining a value of a second measurable quantity. The second measurable quantity is indicative of the environment variable or measurement conditions of the first measurable quantity. A method for forming calibration data for the measurements. RFID reader devices arranged to carry out the methods and energetically essentially passive remote-access apparatuses for the methods. A database that may be used with the method and a computer product including the database.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring system for detecting radio-frequency tags, a measuring method, and a new use for a leaky waveguide. The measuring system comprises a reading device and an antenna, which is connected to reading device for connecting to the tags. According to the invention, the antenna is a microstrip-type leaky waveguide having a length which is several times the operating wavelength of the tags. The invention permits reliable and precise RFID detection, for example, for a results service for sports events.

Abstract: The invention concerns a transponder (10), kit and method for marking wood material, such as logs. The transponder comprises a rigid casing adapted to be inserted into the wood material by means of impact, the casing comprising a wedge-shaped first edge (12) adapted to penetrate into the wood material due to said impact, and a second edge (16) opposite to the first edge, the first and second edges (12, 16) defining an insertion direction of the transponder, and radio-frequency trans-ponding means (20) covered by the casing. According to the invention, the casing is elongated in a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction. The transponder is easily applicable into a log and stays well within the log.

Abstract: This document describes a method and system for object localization. In accordance with the method an object (1) is illuminated by at least one first type of signal, and response of the signal is detected. In accordance with the invention the object (1) equipped with a transponder (2, 3) backscattering the first type of signal, the transponder (2, 3) is illuminated also by a second type of signal affecting to the backscattering frequency of the transponder (2, 3), and the backscattered signal from the transponder (2, 3) is detected in order to localize the object.

Abstract: The invention concerns a transponder (10), kit and method for marking wood material, such as logs. The transponder comprises a rigid casing adapted to be inserted into the wood material by means of impact, the casing comprising a wedge-shaped first edge (12) adapted to penetrate into the wood material due to said impact, and a second edge (16) opposite to the first edge, the first and second edges (12, 16) defining an insertion direction of the transponder, and radio-frequency trans-ponding means (20) covered by the casing. According to the invention, the casing is elongated in a direction perpendicular to the insertion direction. The transponder is easily applicable into a log and stays well within the log.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transponder for marking wood material and a method of manufacturing thereof. The method comprises embedding an RFID microchip and antenna into a casing essentially consisting of one or more biodegradable materials. According to the invention the embedding step comprises forming the antenna by layering conductive material directly on biodegradable material, and covering the antenna by biodegradable material. By means of the invention, environmentally friendly and pulping-compatible transponders can be manufactured, for example, for aiding the logistics of forest industry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring system for detecting radio-frequency tags, a measuring method, and a new use for a leaky waveguide. The measuring system comprises a reading device and an antenna, which is connected to reading device for connecting to the tags. According to the invention, the antenna is a microstrip-type leaky waveguide having a length which is several times the operating wavelength of the tags. The invention permits reliable and precise RFID detection, for example, for a results service for sports events.

Abstract: This publication discloses a method and arrangement for determining the hardening depth of steel or other ferromagnetic substances without breaking the object being measured. According to the invention, a varying magnetic field, which causes magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN), is created in the measurement object with the aid of a magnetization coil 13. The varying magnetic field is regulated in such a way that the maximum force of the magnetic field does not exceed the coercitive force of the unhardened part of the measurement object. The MBN caused is measured with the aid of an MBN sensor. The measured signal is filtered and Fourier transformed. The signal in the frequency range is integrated over a suitable frequency band, in order to determine the value depicting the energy of the MBN. This value correlates with the hardening depth and on the basis of this value it is thus possible to determine the hardening depth.

Abstract: This publication discloses a method and arrangement for determining the hardening depth of steel or other ferromagnetic substances without breaking the object being measured. According to the invention, a varying magnetic field, which causes magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN), is created in the measurement object with the aid of a magnetization coil 13. The varying magnetic field is regulated in such a way that the maximum force of the magnetic field does not exceed the coercitive force of the unhardened part of the measurement object. The MBN caused is measured with the aid of an MBN sensor. The measured signal is filtered and Fourier transformed. The signal in the frequency range is integrated over a suitable frequency band, in order to determine the value depicting the energy of the MBN. This value correlates with the hardening depth and on the basis of this value it is thus possible to determine the hardening depth.