Abstract: Disclosed are two methods, the first method comprising receiving a plurality of data packets, producing a coded data packet by coding together at least two data packets, wherein at least one of the at least two data packets is comprised in the received plurality of data packets or in a coding buffer, transmitting the at least two data packets to a first subset of legs, transmitting the coded data packets to a second subset of legs, and determining if the at least two data packets are to be duplicated based on, at least partly, one or more of the following: a notification, a condition, or a first indication.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. When the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the apparatus is caused to perform determining a first beam and a second beam for receiving at least one data packet from an access node of a network. The apparatus is further caused to perform receiving, from the access node, a re-transmission of the at least one data packet using the second beam when reception of the at least one data packet from the access node has failed using the first beam.

Abstract: Methods, user equipment and apparatus for controlling VR image in a communication network. The VR image is represented by image data being associated to respective parts of the image. The VR image data is handled on the basis of identifications indicating different viewports for a user.

Abstract: Various example embodiments relate to generation of coded transport blocks in connection with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process(es). A device may generate a plurality of protocol data units (PDU) for transmission. The PDUs may be stored in at least one HARQ buffer. The device may determine to transmit at least one coded transport based on identifying at least two of the PDUs for generating the coded transport block(s). Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for beam selection using data radio bearer specific machine learning are provided. For example, a method can include providing one or more inputs regarding a plurality of beams to a machine learning model. The method can also include obtaining at least one output value regarding the plurality of beams from the machine learning model. The machine learning model can be a data radio bearer specific machine learning model, a data radio bearer group specific machine learning model, or a model trained to output selectively data radio bearer specific values or data radio bearer group specific values.

Abstract: An apparatus of a first communication node is provide that includes: means for synchronising a common reference timing with a second communication node; means for obtaining an indication of a time window that specifies a period of time between first and second time instances; and means for configuring a machine learning-based function at the first communication node, wherein the configuration of the machine learning-based function is common between the first and second communication nodes. The apparatus further includes means for executing the machine learning-based function; and means for obtaining information by measuring a performance metric, for the machine learning-based function, during the time window.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, apparatuses, and computer program products configured to synchronize radio bearers carrying data flows and/or control flows from a network entity or node within a communication system (e.g., a 5G network), towards user equipment, in order to achieve a desired Quality of Experience (QoE) for applications with multiple data streams and multiple quality of service (QoS) flows whose QoS requirements depend on each other. In some embodiments, two or more data radio bearers (DRBs) for carrying data from a single application, such as extended reality, virtual reality, augmented reality, or the like, e.g. online game streaming, may be synchronized in order to ensure desired QoE for an application with multiple QoS flows.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for enhancement of quality of service flows, for extended reality services or other services are proposed. For example, a method can include receiving a plurality of quality of service parameters for first packet-based communication. The quality of service parameters can include a packet delay budget for the first packet-based communication having a first end time. The plurality of quality of service parameters can further include a packet validity time for the first packet-based communication having a second end time equal to or later than the first end time. The packet validity time can be applicable to the first packet-based communication on a protocol data unit session basis, a quality of service flow basis, a set of protocol data units basis, or a packet basis. The method can also include transmitting the packet of the first packet-based communication to a further communication device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for beam selection using data radio bearer specific machine learning are provided. For example, a method can include providing one or more inputs regarding a plurality of beams to a machine learning model. The method can also include obtaining at least one output value regarding the plurality of beams from the machine learning model. The machine learning model can be a data radio bearer specific machine learning model, a data radio bearer group specific machine learning model, or a model trained to output selectively data radio bearer specific values or data radio bearer group specific values.

Abstract: A method comprises when a first data unit is to be transmitted on a plurality of different transmission paths determining, in dependence on at least one condition or indication if a) a copy of the first data unit is to be transmitted on one or more of the plurality of different transmission paths and/or if b) one or more coded data units are to be transmitted on one or more of the plurality of different transmission paths, a coded data unit being provided by coding the first data unit with at least one other preceding data unit. The method further comprises in dependence on said determining, causing the transmitting of one or more copies of the first data unit and/or one or more coded data units on respective ones of the plurality of different transmission paths.

Abstract: Disclosed are two methods, the first method comprising receiving a plurality of data packets, producing a coded data packet by coding together at least two data packets, wherein at least one of the at least two data packets is comprised in the received plurality of data packets or in a coding buffer, transmitting the at least two data packets to a first subset of legs, transmitting the coded data packets to a second subset of legs, and determining if the at least two data packets are to be duplicated based on, at least partly, one or more of the following: a notification, a condition, or a first indication.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining a reliability estimate indicating transmission success probability for a plurality of transmission legs and assigning a data packet type to a subset of the plurality of transmission legs based at least partly on said reliability estimate.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium are provided for providing optimized multi-connectivity and/or data duplication. In one example implementation, the method may include receiving, by a user equipment (UE), packet transmission pattern information from a first network node of one or more network nodes and transmitting, by the user equipment (UE), the consecutive packets using the different radio links indicated in the packet transmission pattern information. In an additional example implementation, the method may include determining, by a network node of a set of network nodes, packet transmission pattern information for a user equipment (UE). The example method may further include transmitting, by the network node, the packet transmission pattern information to the user equipment (UE).

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for real-time uplink (UL) power control are provided. One method may include estimating, by a network node, a power allocation function for determining power allocation across a plurality of legs that transmit simultaneously, the power allocation function being based on radio channel statistics and network performance metrics. The method may then include signaling, to a user equipment, the power allocation function and the parameters used to compute an output of the power allocation function.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for real-time uplink (UL) power control are provided. One method may include estimating, by a network node, a power allocation function for determining power allocation across a plurality of legs that transmit simultaneously, the power allocation function being based on radio channel statistics and network performance metrics. The method may then include signaling, to a user equipment, the power allocation function and the parameters used to compute an output of the power allocation function.

Abstract: A radio device/user equipment determines that a later received grant of bundled uplink resources collides with an earlier received grant of bundled uplink resources. The earlier received grant has associated with it an active re-transmission process. In response to that collision determination, at least a re-transmission (HARQ) buffer associated with the earlier received grant is flushed. In one embodiment all HARQ buffers are flushed; in another the HARQ buffer associated with the earlier received grant is flushed while the one associated with the later received grant is not. Several ways are described to determine whether there is a collision: whether the later received grant aligns with a boundary of the resources granted by the earlier received grant, and whether there is an actual collision among the different HARQ processes. Calculating HARQ process numbers is also described where an offset is used to account for the grants allocating bundled TTIs.

Abstract: A radio device/user equipment determines that a later received grant of bundled uplink resources collides with an earlier received grant of bundled uplink resources. The earlier received grant has associated with it an active re-transmission process. In response to that collision determination, at least a re-transmission (HARQ) buffer associated with the earlier received grant is flushed. In one embodiment all HARQ buffers are flushed; in another the HARQ buffer associated with the earlier received grant is flushed while the one associated with the later received grant is not. Several ways are described to determine whether there is a collision: whether the later received grant aligns with a boundary of the resources granted by the earlier received grant, and whether there is an actual collision among the different HARQ processes. Calculating HARQ process numbers is also described where an offset is used to account for the grants allocating bundled TTIs.

Abstract: An example apparatus is provided that may provide for transmission of a first scheduling request and increment an alert counter upon transmitting the request. The apparatus may then determine if uplink resources have been received and, if not, provide for transmission of a second scheduling request. The apparatus may increment the alert counter in response to transmitting the second scheduling request. The apparatus may also provide for transmission of an indication that the alert counter has reached an alert counter threshold, in response to which, the apparatus may receive dummy uplink resources that may cause the alert counter to reset.

Abstract: Scheduling of subframes is disclosed. In a method, a reverse scheduling received by a terminal from a base station is obtained. The reverse scheduling includes information indicating that at least a part of subframes is not utilized for a radio data transmission between the terminal and the base station. The radio data transmission between the terminal and the base station is caused to operate according to the reverse scheduling.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a network apparatus determines to modify an existing semi-persistent scheduling allocation and transmits scheduling instructions to a terminal. Upon receipt of the scheduling instructions, a terminal modifies the existing semi-persistent scheduling allocation by modifying a periodicity or by introducing a gap in transmission by skipping over one or more transmission opportunities.