Abstract: Techniques for resource operation based on usage, sharing, and recommendations with modular authentication are provided. A resource space is associated with a principal. The resource space comprises resources local to a device of the principal and remote from the device. The resources presented in a merged view within a local file system and operating system of the device. In an embodiment, the device negotiates authentication with an intermediary for access to a legacy service where authentication is performed by the intermediary on behalf of the device, and the intermediary establishes an authentication session between the principal and the legacy service.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods assign a permanent network address to a user identity, detect access to a network by a node associated with the user identity, generate an identifier associated with the user identity, and send the identifier to the node to enable the node to obtain replacement of a temporary network address allocated to the node, with the permanent network address. Activities may include receiving a release request from a node to release a temporary network address allocated to the node (associated with the user identity), receiving an allocation request (including the identifier) from the node to allocate a permanent network address previously assigned to the user identity, and allocating the permanent network address to the node as a replacement for the temporary network address. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.