Abstract: A broadband interferometry for a measurement range extension beyond a coherence length of a light source is achieved through a local oscillation of the reference beam is replicated by a cavity multiplication or cascading optical delayed lines with a fiber optic cavity, and quantifiable optical properties including a wavelength group delay, a chromatic dispersion, a polarization mode dispersion and a model dispersion are inserted into the local oscillation of the reference beam to incrementally quantify the replicated copies of the local oscillation as the number of the delayed copies of the local oscillation increase for extension of a measurement rage to the target.

Abstract: A broadband interferometry for a measurement range extension beyond a coherence length of a light source includes a wavelength tunable laser as the light source outputting a coherence wavelength beam; and an interferometer disposed between the wavelength tunable laser and a target to be measured and including a reference arm, a measurement arm and a device combining a reference beam and measurement mean to produce a combined interference beam, wherein a local oscillation of the reference beam is replicated by a cavity multiplication or cascading optical delayed lines with a fiber optic cavity, and quantifiable optical properties including a wavelength group delay, a chromatic dispersion, a polarization mode dispersion and a model dispersion are inserted into the local oscillation of the reference beam to incrementally quantify the replicated copies of the local oscillation as the number of the delayed copies of the local oscillation increase for extension of a measurement rage to the target.

Abstract: The present invention provides a one-pot multi-enzyme method for preparing UDP-sugars from simple sugar starting materials. The invention also provides a one-pot multi-enzyme method for preparing oligosaccharides from simple sugar starting materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides mutants of PmST1 for the preparation of sialyl-Lewisx oligosaccharides, and other sialosides with decreased sialidase activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a one-pot multi-enzyme method for preparing UDP-sugars from simple sugar starting materials. The invention also provides a one-pot multi-enzyme method for preparing oligosaccharides from simple sugar starting materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a one-pot multi-enzyme method for preparing UDP-sugars from simple sugar starting materials. The invention also provides a one-pot multi-enzyme method for preparing oligosaccharides from simple sugar starting materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a one-pot multi-enzyme method for preparing UDP-sugars from simple sugar starting materials. The invention also provides a one-pot multi-enzyme method for preparing oligosaccharides from simple sugar starting materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides mutants of PmST1 for the preparation of sialyl-Lewisx oligosaccharides, and other sialosides with decreased sialidase activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing glycolipid products. Novel sialyltransferases are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides mutants of PmST1 for the preparation of sialyl-Lewisx oligosaccharides, and other sialosides with decreased sialidase activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a one-pot multi-enzyme method for preparing UDP-sugars from simple sugar starting materials. The invention also provides a one-pot multi-enzyme method for preparing oligosaccharides from simple sugar starting materials.

Abstract: A laser based tracking unit communicates with a target to obtain position information about the target. Specifically, the target is placed at the point to be measured. The pitch, yaw and roll movements of the target, and the spherical coordinates of the target relative to the tracking unit are then obtained. The target can be, for example, an active device incorporated into a moveable device such as a remote controlled robot.

Abstract: A laser based tracking unit communicates with a target to obtain position information about the target. Specifically, the target is placed at the point to be measured. The pitch, yaw and roll movements of the target, and the spherical coordinates of the target relative to the tracking unit are then obtained. The target can be, for example, an active device incorporated into a moveable device such as a remote controlled robot.

Abstract: A system and method of conducting secure business-to-business transactions by exchanging commitments and secure transaction tokens, where two levels of verification stringency are used for increasing the efficiency while maintaining sufficient security. The commitments are verified by a more stringent standard, such as PKI operations while the secure transaction tokens are verified by a more efficient but less stringent standard such as hash operations. The transaction token both represents a monetary value and provides an instruction on how to treat the monetary value it represents. In other words, the token has dual attributes: value and type. Particular embodiments based on the well-known PayWord specification are disclosed.

Abstract: A photogrammetric target has a corner cube retroreflector centered within one reflective surface or between two or more reflective surfaces. A single reflective surface may be an annular disk. Alternatively, several small reflectors may be symmetrically arrayed on a lower-reflectivity surface, with a corner cube retroreflector substantially centered within the array. When such targets are mounted on a structure subject to photogrammetric measurement, the corner cube retroreflectors may be quickly and accurately located with a laser tracker or a laser surveying device, improving the accuracy of photogrammetric analysis. Since photogrammetric analysis software may locate the centroid of an image of a symmetrical array of small reflectors more accurately than the centroid of the image of a disk or other single reflective object, use of a reflector array may improve measurement accuracy.

Abstract: Embodiments include a method and a system of authenticating a client when the client logs in a servicing. According to one embodiment, a first authentication code and a second authentication code is submitted from the client to the servicing server. The second authentication code includes a secure token of a reversal secure token chain with a hash function and an index of the secure token in the reversal secure token chain. The first authentication code is then verified at the servicing server. The secure token is also verified at the servicing server by comparing a hash value of the secure token with a previously acquired secure token or a root of the reversal secure token chain. If the first authentication code and the second authentication code are associated, the login is confirmed.

Abstract: A system for accurate determination of target orientation in a laser tracking system. A target aperture is configured to produce spatially distinct laser beam and background images. A processing unit is configured to determine a centroid of the laser beam image position using information collected from detected images, such as laser beam and background images. The laser beam image centroid position is used to determine an accurate target orientation. In one example, a process for determining target orientation includes the steps of collecting a background image passing through a first retro-reflector at a first laser light sensor; 2) collecting a measurement image passing through a second retro-reflector at a second laser light sensor; 3) establishing a common positional reference point for the measurement image and the background image; 4) subtracting the background image from the measurement image based on the common positional reference point.

Abstract: An optical measurement system increases the number of translational and angular measurements made with a single laser beam by combining an optical interferometer with an optical autocollimator. Translational measurements are made with an optical interferometer and yaw and pitch measurements are made with an autocollimator. In a preferred embodiment, angular deviations in the reflected measuring beam are minimized with a reverse telescopic lens assembly, allowing a wider range of angular measurements without significant degradation of interferometer accuracy.

Abstract: A mould for encapsulating an integrated circuit package on a leadframe including a top mould-half and a complementary bottom mould-half enclosing a cavity for encapsulating said package wherein structures are provided on at least one of said mould-halves which, upon the closure of said mould-halves, closes off the spaces between adjacent leads of the leadframe to allow only said leads to extend out of said cavity. The structures may be protrusions from the mould half closing off the spaces. Notches or slots cut to allow the leads' extension are the preferred structures due to ease of machining. The mould design thus enables a leadframe package to be moulded with a peripheral flange as narrow as desired without the need to cut a broad conventional flange formed up to the dam bar because only the leads and tie bars are left to be singulated. A method for making the above mould as well as singulation methods for cutting and punching the leads and tie bars is also disclosed.