Abstract: A liquid reservoir of a hand-held, air-assisted spray apparatus is characterized by a plurality (i.e., two or more) of liquid-holding compartments. Each liquid-holding compartment is connected through an outlet port into fluid communication with the flow channel of the hand-held spraying apparatus. The liquid-holding compartments are isolated from fluid communication with each other such that a liquid introduced into one of the compartments is held apart from a liquid introduced into the other compartment. A rotatable element is associated with each liquid-holding compartment. Each rotatable element has a predetermined displacement. The rotatable elements are coupled together for rotation by a common shaft, so that, in use, the relative volumes of liquids dispensed from the respective liquid-holding compartments into the flow channel remain in a predetermined ratio regardless of the rate at which the liquids flow from their respective compartments.

Abstract: A method for introducing a polymerization catalyst into a coating formulation as the formulation flows from a reservoir includes the steps of: opening the first end of a sealed dispenser holding a predetermined volume of a polymerization catalyst solution and inserting the dispenser into the reservoir such that the open end of the dispenser is positioned near the outlet of the reservoir; with the dispenser so positioned, opening the second end of the dispenser to atmosphere. The head of the liquid coating formulation in the reservoir prevents flow of the catalyst solution from the dispenser until the liquid coating formulation flows from the reservoir into the flow channel. Thus, the catalyst solution mixes with the coating formulation in a way that a predetermined concentration of the catalyst solution is maintained in the coating formulation as the coating formulation flows from the reservoir.

Abstract: A kit for forming a multi-component coating formulation for application using a hand-held spraying apparatus to produce a finished coating on a surface comprises a first and a second container holding respective first and second components of a multi-component coating formulation. The kit also includes at least one dispenser in the form a generally tubular body member having a closure at both a first and a second end thereof. The dispenser holds a predetermined volume of a polymerization catalyst solution having “w” weight percent of catalyst therein. The dispenser has a predetermined cross sectional area “a” given by the relationship: a?P·A·[W/w]·10?6, where “A” is the cross sectional area of the reservoir holding a liquid coating formulation having “W” weight percent of solids; and P is the ratio by weight of the catalyst to the solids desired in the finished coating, in parts per million.

Abstract: A dispenser for dispensing a polymerization catalyst solution into a liquid coating formulation has a cross sectional area “a” given by the relationship: a?P·A·[W/w]·10?6, where “A” is the cross sectional area of the reservoir holding a liquid coating formulation having “W” weight percent of solids; “w” is the weight percent of catalyst in the dispenser; and P is the ratio by weight of the catalyst to the solids desired in the finished coating, in parts per million.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for recovering and purifying dianhydro sugar alcohols from a vapor stream comprising dianhydro sugar alcohols, such as isosorbide, and water vapor.

Abstract: An integrated continuous process is disclosed for the manufacture of high purity, polymer grade dianhydro sugar alcohols, such as isosorbide, by the dehydration of corresponding sugar alcohols. The water vapors evolved during the dehydration are used to separate product dianhydro sugar alcohols from the high boiling byproducts in the reaction mass. The product is recovered from the vapor stream as high purity crystals. The high boiling reaction byproducts are recycled.

Abstract: A process for recycling reaction byproducts in the manufacture of dianhydro sugar alcohols, such as isosorbide, from corresponding sugar alcohols.

Abstract: A continuous process for the manufacture of dianhydro sugar alcohols by dehydration of the corresponding sugar alcohols or monoanhydro sugar alcohols in the presence of a dehydration catalyst, using evolved water vapor as a carrier for continuous separation of the product from the reaction mass.

Abstract: An integrated continuous process is disclosed for the manufacture of high purity, polymer grade dianhydro sugar alcohols, such as isosorbide, by the dehydration of corresponding sugar alcohols. The water vapors evolved during the dehydration are used to separate product dianhydro sugar alcohols from the high boiling byproducts in the reaction mass. The product is recovered from the vapor stream as high purity crystals. The high boiling reaction byproducts are recycled.

Abstract: A continuous process for the manufacture of dianhydro sugar alcohols by dehydration of the corresponding sugar alcohols or monoanhydro sugar alcohols in the presence of a dehydration catalyst, using evolved water vapor as a carrier for continuous separation of the product from the reaction mass.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for recovering and purifying dianhydro sugar alcohols from a vapor stream comprising dianhydro sugar alcohols, such as isosorbide, and water vapor.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the manufacture of anhydro- and dianhydro- hexitols, pentitols, and tetritols by the dehydration of sugar alcohols (alditols) in the presence of a dehydration catalyst and with the assistance of an inert gas sparge.

Abstract: A process for recycling reaction byproducts in the manufacture of dianhydro sugar alcohols, such as isosorbide, from corresponding sugar alcohols.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the manufacture of anhydro- and dianhydro-hexitols, pentitols, and tetritols by the dehydration of sugar alcohols (alditols) in the presence of a dehydration catalyst.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the manufacture of anhydro- and dianhydro- hexitols, pentitols, and tetritols by the dehydration of sugar alcohols (alditols) in the presence of a dehydration catalyst and with the assistance of an inert gas sparge.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the manufacture of anhydro- and dianhydro-hexitols, pentitols, and tetritols by the dehydration of sugar alcohols (alditols) in the presence of a dehydration catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for the production of a polyester or other condensation polymer is disclosed. In particular, polymerization is conducted in a reaction vessel equipped with a specially designed agitator that exposes the polymer melt partially filling the reaction vessel to inert gas flowing through the vessel. The agitator comprises a plurality of elements that lift a portion of a polymer melt in the reaction vessel and generate films of the polymer melt which films extends in planes that are parallel to the axis of the agitator and the flow of gas through the reaction vessel. In a preferred process, a melt of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, or its low molecular oligomers, obtained by esterifying terephthalic acid or transesterifying dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol, is contacted with an inert gas at about atmospheric pressure in order to remove the reaction by-products and facilitate polymerization.

Abstract: An atmospheric pressure process for the continuous production of polyester is disclosed wherein a melt of bis(3-hydroxy propyl) terephthalate, or its low molecular oligomers, obtained by esterifying terephthalic acid or transesterifying dimethyl terephthalate with propylene glycol, is intimately contacted with an inert gas to facilitate polymerization and removal of the reaction by-products. The propylene glycol evolved and the inert gas are recycled.

Abstract: An atmospheric pressure process for the continuous production of polyester is disclosed wherein a melt of bis(3-hydroxy propyl) terephthalate, or its low molecular oligomers, obtained by esterifying terephthalic acid or transesterifying dimethyl terephthalate with propylene glycol, is intimately contacted with an inert gas to facilitate polymerization and removal of the reaction by-products. The propylene glycol evolved and the inert gas are recycled.

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for the production of polyester or other polycondesation polymers is disclosed. In particular, polymerization is conducted in a reaction vessel equipped with a specially designed agitator that exposes the polymer melt partially filling the reaction vessel to inert gas flowing through the vessel. The agitator comprises a plurality of elements that lift a portion of a polymer melt in the reaction vessel and generate films of the polymer melt which films extends in planes that are substantially parallel to the axis of the agitator and the flow of gas through the reaction vessel. In a preferred process, a melt of dihydroxy ethyl terephthalate, or its low molecular oligomers, obtained by esterifying terephthalic acid or transesterifying dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol, is intimately contacted with an inert gas at about atmospheric pressure in order to remove the reaction by-products and facilitate polymerization.