Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems are disclosed for a transducer. The transducer can include a bottom plate formed from a first sheet of material, a top plate formed from a second sheet of material, and a middle portion. The middle portion includes a mid-upper element formed from a third sheet of material, with a mid-upper frame, a mid-upper mass, and a plurality of mid-upper attachment members coupling the mid-upper mass to the mid-upper frame. The middle portion can also include a central element formed from a fourth sheet of material, with the central element having a central frame and a central mass.

Abstract: A method of operation of a navigation system includes: preconstructing an inverted term index having a nested spatial index of at least one location; providing a search term and a search range for searching the inverted term index; locating the search term in the inverted term index and having the nested spatial index bounded by the search range; and retrieving a location record linked to the nested spatial index and associated with the search term and the search range for displaying on a device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed that assist in sensing underwater signals in connection with geophysical surveys. One embodiment relates to a transducer including a cantilever coupled to a base. The cantilever may include a beam and a first coupling surface angularly oriented from the beam, and the base may include a second coupling surface angularly oriented from the beam and substantially parallel to the first coupling surface of the cantilever. The transducer may further include a sensing material coupled between the first coupling surface of the cantilever and the second coupling surface of the base.

Abstract: A detecting device for detecting the volume of a material in a material container and a concrete pumping apparatus comprising the above detecting device are disclosed. The detecting device comprises a soft container full of a medium; a medium container in communication with the soft container; a volume detecting sensor for detecting the volume of the medium in the medium container; the soft container is provided within the material container and immersed in the material of the material container, and under the extrusion of the material, the medium in the soft container enters the medium container, the volume detecting sensor detects the volume of the medium in the medium container; and the volume of the material can be calculated according to a preset relationship between the volume of the medium in the medium container and the volume of the material in the material container.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems are disclosed for forming a transducer. The transducer may include a bottom plate formed from a first sheet of material, a top plate formed from a second sheet of material, and a middle portion. The middle portion includes a mid-upper element formed from a third sheet of material, the mid-upper element having a mid-upper frame, a mid-upper mass, and a plurality of mid-upper attachment members coupling the mid-upper mass to the mid-upper frame. The middle portion also may include a central element formed from a fourth sheet of material, the central element having a central frame and a central mass.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed that assist in sensing underwater signals in connection with geophysical surveys. One embodiment relates to a transducer including a cantilever coupled to a base. The cantilever may include a beam and a first coupling surface angularly oriented from the beam, and the base may include a second coupling surface angularly oriented from the beam and substantially parallel to the first coupling surface of the cantilever. The transducer may further include a sensing material coupled between the first coupling surface of the cantilever and the second coupling surface of the base.

Abstract: A method of operation of a navigation system includes: preconstructing an inverted term index having a nested spatial index of at least one location; providing a search term and a search range for searching the inverted term index; locating the search term in the inverted term index and having the nested spatial index bounded by the search range; and retrieving a location record linked to the nested spatial index and associated with the search term and the search range for displaying on a device.

Abstract: A method of operation of a navigation system includes: preconstructing a multi-layered index based on a plurality of a spatially-aware identification for identifying location data points; selecting a first intersection based on the multi-layered index of the spatially-aware identification; and generating a primary route based on the first intersection for displaying on a device.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for defining and coordinating execution of a compound service, which uses results from a plurality of base services, over a network. A sequence in which a plurality of modules must be executed to perform the compound service is specified in dependency information, and the modules in the sequence are executed according to the dependency information and under the management of a service execution adapter. Each module operates upon messages according to module properties, and is able to communicate using event messages.

Abstract: A piezoelectric flexural sensing structure having increased sensitivity and decreased noise, without sacrifice of the sensor bandwidth. The structure is made up of a proof mass, a beam with a base and optionally having castellated bonding surfaces and two <011> poled bonding mode PMN-PT crystal plates mounted on the beam.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an acoustic vector sensor, also called particle velocity sensor. <111> direction poled, shear mode, relaxor single crystals are used as the sensing elements. In addition, these crystal plates are cut at a special orientation such that they provide zero or minimum responses in the transverse directions, but have a maximum piezoelectric response in sensing direction. The piezoelectric sensor contains a proof mass, a base, and an aforementioned relaxor crystal. Three of the sensors are mounted orthogonally with a rigid case, and they are designated to sense the acoustic particle velocity in three designated directions, say X, Y, and Z. To solve the adverse lateral constraint problem (also known as clamping effect) associated with the relaxor crystal; reduced bonding area between the proof mass and the relaxor crystal are introduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mechanical strain amplification for enhanced piezoelectric transduction. The device consists of a piezoelectric element elevated above the neutral axis of a supporting, micromachined, photoetched substrate by use of castellations on the substrate. By elevating the piezoelectric element above the neutral axis, the charge sensitivity of the device is increased which facilitates the development of high-sensitivity, low-noise transducers. There is a limit to charge sensitivity because the optimal elevation is a function of the physical properties of the supporting structure and the piezoelectric element. Accordingly, a mathematical formulation and finite element analysis (FEA) are provided to define the optimal height of the castellated substrate. The recognition of limits to the castellation height has further led to the discovery of using the relaxor-ferroelectric, single crystal class of materials in the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a sensing structure comprising four components: a central block proof mass, a continuous belt-shaped membrane (or one having another suitable shape), a piezoelectric sensing layer placed on top of the membrane, and a fixed mounting frame. Electrodes are attached to the top and the underside of the piezoelectric sensing layer. The structure results in an axisymmetric stress distribution.

Abstract: A circuit breaker has line and load terminals and a mechanism which indicates the magnitude of current flowing through the circuit breaker. The mechanism includes a current sensing resistor coupled between the supply and load terminals. An amplifier is coupled to the current sensing resistor and produces a first output signal corresponding to the current magnitude. A first light emitting diode is energized by the first output signal. A first comparator is coupled to the amplifier and produces illumination of a second light emitting diode when the first output signal exceeds a first reference voltage level. A third light emitting diode is illuminated by a second comparator when the first output signal exceeds a second reference voltage level. Thus the number of light emitting diodes that are illuminated indicates the relative level of current conducted by the circuit breaker.