Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products are described for obtaining, from a first tracking system, an initial three-dimensional (3D) position of an electronic device in relation to image features captured by a camera of the electronic device and obtaining, from a second tracking system, an orientation associated with the electronic device. Responsive to detecting a movement of the electronic device, obtaining, from the second tracking system, an updated orientation associated with the detected movement of the electronic device, generating and providing a query to the first tracking system, the query corresponding to at least a portion of the image features and including the updated orientation and the initial 3D position of the electronic device, generating, for a sampled number of received position changes, an updated 3D position for the electronic device and generating a 6-DoF pose using the updated 3D positions and the updated orientation for the electronic device.

Abstract: Black titanium dioxide has a crystalline titanium dioxide core and an amorphous titanium dioxide shell that encompasses the crystalline titanium dioxide core. The black titanium dioxide has a reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum that is less than or equal to 15% and a reflectivity for near-IR and LiDAR electromagnetic radiation that is greater than or equal to 10%. The black titanium dioxide has a band gap from greater than or equal to 1.0 eV to less than or equal to 2.0 eV.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products are described for obtaining, from a first tracking system, an initial three-dimensional (3D) position of an electronic device in relation to image features captured by a camera of the electronic device and obtaining, from a second tracking system, an orientation associated with the electronic device. Responsive to detecting a movement of the electronic device, obtaining, from the second tracking system, an updated orientation associated with the detected movement of the electronic device, generating and providing a query to the first tracking system, the query corresponding to at least a portion of the image features and including the updated orientation and the initial 3D position of the electronic device, generating, for a sampled number of received position changes, an updated 3D position for the electronic device and generating a 6-DoF pose using the updated 3D positions and the updated orientation for the electronic device.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products are described for obtaining, from a first tracking system, an initial three-dimensional (3D) position of an electronic device in relation to image features captured by a camera of the electronic device and obtaining, from a second tracking system, an orientation associated with the electronic device. Responsive to detecting a movement of the electronic device, obtaining, from the second tracking system, an updated orientation associated with the detected movement of the electronic device, generating and providing a query to the first tracking system, the query corresponding to at least a portion of the image features and including the updated orientation and the initial 3D position of the electronic device, generating, for a sampled number of received position changes, an updated 3D position for the electronic device and generating a 6-DoF pose using the updated 3D positions and the updated orientation for the electronic device.

Abstract: Methods for making porous materials having metal alloy nanoparticles formed therein are described herein. By preparing a porous material and delivering the precursor solutions under vacuum, the metal precursors can be uniformly embedded within the pores of the porous material. Once absorption is complete, the porous material can be heated in the presence of one or more functional gases to reduce the metal precursors to metal alloy nanoparticles, and embed the metal alloy nanoparticles inside of the pores. As such, the metal alloy nanoparticles can be formed within the pores, while avoiding surface wetting and absorption problems which can occur with small pores.

Abstract: A secondary ionomer that enhances activity and stability of a cathode catalyst in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes the ionic liquid, 1-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-ium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate ([MTBD][C4F9SO3]). When contacting the catalyst, [MTBD][C4F9SO3] enhances catalyst activity and stability more effectively than previously known ionomers, likely by preventing oxide formation and water adsorption at the catalyst surface. The disclosed secondary ionomer is thus most effective when completely coating the catalyst.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes an anodic catalyst layer, a cathodic catalyst layer, and a polymer electrolyte membrane mediating protic communication between the anodic and cathodic catalyst layers. The cathodic catalyst layer includes an ionic liquid, 1-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-ium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate, in admixture with carbon-supported particles of platinum or a platinum alloy. The ionic liquid improves performance in both high moisture and low moisture operating conditions.

Abstract: Methods for making porous materials having metal alloy nanoparticles formed therein are described herein. By preparing a porous material and delivering the precursor solutions under vacuum, the metal precursors can be uniformly embedded within the pores of the porous material. Once absorption is complete, the porous material can be heated in the presence of one or more functional gases to reduce the metal precursors to metal alloy nanoparticles, and embed the metal alloy nanoparticles inside of the pores. As such, the metal alloy nanoparticles can be formed within the pores, while avoiding surface wetting and absorption problems which can occur with small pores.

Abstract: Improved oxygen reduction reaction catalysts include octahedral nanoparticles of a platinum-copper-nickel alloy contacted by a secondary ionomer. The alloy can have a formula of Pt2CuNi, and the secondary ionomer can include an ionic liquid, 1-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-ium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate ([MTBD][C4F9SO3]). The oxygen reductions catalysts have improved stability, as well as mass area and specific area comparted to competing catalysts.

Abstract: A battery has a three dimensional electrode including a current collector, electron directing members, each electron directing member having a perimeter edge attached to a surface of the current collector with a polymer binder, the electron directing members extending from the surface of the current collector and configured to direct electron flow along a layered direction of the electrode, an active material layer on the current collector and a separator. The electron directing members extend into the active material layer and having a free end in spaced relation to the separator.

Abstract: A secondary ionomer that enhances activity and stability of a cathode catalyst in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell includes the ionic liquid, 1-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-ium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate ([MTBD][C4F9SO3]). When contacting the catalyst, [MTBD][C4F9SO3] enhances catalyst activity and stability more effectively than previously known ionomers, likely by preventing oxide formation and water adsorption at the catalyst surface. The disclosed secondary ionomer is thus most effective when completely coating the catalyst.

Abstract: Electrocatalysts having non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles are provided as well as the method of making the electrocatalysts and the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles. Embodiments of the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particle consists essentially of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide. Active catalyst particles of a platinum alloy are deposited onto each non-carbon composite support particle. The electrocatalyst can be used in fuel cells, for example.

Abstract: A method of making a three dimensional electrode having an active material layered between a current collector and a separator includes growing nanotubes at predetermined points on a first sheet of electron directing material, wherein the electron directing material is highly conductive and chemically inert; aligning the nanotubes in a direction perpendicular to the first sheet; functionalizing a distal end of each nanotube; bonding a second sheet of electron directing material to the functionalized distal end of each nanotube; depositing magnetic particles along the second sheet; applying a magnetic field to the magnetic particles to rotate the first sheet, the second sheet and the nanotubes ninety degrees to form an electron directing structure; and attaching the electron directing structure on a surface of the current collector with a polymer binder. The electron directing structure is configured to direct electron flow along a layered direction of the three dimensional electrode.

Abstract: Electrocatalysts for use in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies include a support substrate comprising a metal oxide nanotube having an internal support surface and conductive metal oxide particles impregnated on the internal support surface. Fuel cell electrodes are produced using the electrocatalyst coated on a gas diffusion layer.

Abstract: A method of making a three dimensional electrode having an active material layered between a current collector and a separator includes growing nanotubes at predetermined points on a first sheet of electron directing material, wherein the electron directing material is highly conductive and chemically inert; aligning the nanotubes in a direction perpendicular to the first sheet; functionalizing a distal end of each nanotube; bonding a second sheet of electron directing material to the functionalized distal end of each nanotube; depositing magnetic particles along the second sheet; applying a magnetic field to the magnetic particles to rotate the first sheet, the second sheet and the nanotubes ninety degrees to form an electron directing structure; and attaching the electron directing structure on a surface of the current collector with a polymer binder. The electron directing structure is configured to direct electron flow along a layered direction of the three dimensional electrode.

Abstract: A battery has a three dimensional electrode including a current collector, electron directing members, each electron directing member having a perimeter edge attached to a surface of the current collector with a polymer binder, the electron directing members extending from the surface of the current collector and configured to direct electron flow along a layered direction of the electrode, an active material layer on the current collector and a separator. The electron directing members extend into the active material layer and having a free end in spaced relation to the separator.

Abstract: Electrocatalysts having non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles are provided as well as the method of making the electrocatalysts and the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles. Embodiments of the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particle consists essentially of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide. The electrocatalyst can be used in fuel cells, for example.

Abstract: Electrocatalysts having non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles are provided as well as the method of making the electrocatalysts and the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles. Embodiments of the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particle consists essentially of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide. The electrocatalyst can be used in fuel cells, for example.

Abstract: Electrocatalysts for use in fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies include a support substrate comprising a metal oxide nanotube having an internal support surface and conductive metal oxide particles impregnated on the internal support surface. Fuel cell electrodes are produced using the electrocatalyst coated on a gas diffusion layer.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides a layered metal-air cathode for a metal-air battery. Generally, the layered metal-air cathode comprises an active catalyst layer, a transition layer bonded to the active catalyst layer, and a backing layer bonded to the transition layer such that the transition layer is disposed between the active catalyst layer and the backing layer.