Abstract: A patient authentication system is provided with: an authentication unit configured to authenticate a subject based on a reference database, a patient authentication bio-information acquired by a patient bio-information acquisition unit, and patient identification information acquired by a patient identification information acquisition unit, the reference database storing patient reference bio-information acquired in advance as bio-information to be referred to when authenticating the patient and patient reference identification information to be referred to when authenticating the patient in association with each other; and a device control unit configured to perform control of a medical device based on an authentication result which is a result of authentication by the authentication unit