Abstract: An optical sheet includes a first plane, a second plane facing the first plane and a plurality of optical patterns. The optical patterns are formed on the second plane along a plurality of columns. An optical pattern includes a plurality of convex light-condensing portions. End portions of the light-condensing portions are connected to each other continuously and form crests and troughs. The optical patterns disposed in adjacent columns share a common side.

Abstract: A light condenser for an LCD includes a base layer, a condensing layer and a lower surface-treated layer. The condensing layer is disposed on the base layer and has a condensing pattern formed therein. The lower surface-treated layer is disposed below the base layer and has a plurality of protrusions extending downwardly therefrom. Each of the protrusions has a substantially round shape. The novel light condenser enables the number of optical elements needed in a display apparatus to be reduced, thereby reducing LCD manufacturing costs. Additionally, the light condenser prevents a mutual scratching and adhesion problem between the condenser and a diffusing plate of the LCD, thereby improving the quality of the image produced by the display.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for optimizing image forming conditions of an image forming apparatus by obtaining information regarding printing paper using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and allowing the image forming conditions to be automatically optimized according to the obtained information. The method includes sensing whether a paper feeder is open, reading identification information of paper from an RFID tag when the paper feeder is open RFID; and determining optimal image forming conditions according to the read identification information.

Abstract: An integrated circuit having a memory which includes an array of data storage cells is provided with a redundant array and a signal-directing circuit. A row or column signal for a defective cell, if present, as well as each successively higher row or column signal, is directed to sequentially higher address locations in the array to thereby avoid the defective cell address location. The last row or column signal is directed to the address location of the redundant array. A fuse is preferably associated with each row or column signal which may be selectively melted to direct the row or column signals. The array can be logically divided into subarrays each having an associated redundant array so that defects in each subarray can be accommodated.

Abstract: A ROM (read only memory) is disclosed. For via-ROMs, an isolation transistor is used to isolate adjacent pairs of memory devices instead of the more conventional field oxide isolation. The gate of the isolation transistor is grounded, insuring that conduction does not take place. For a GASAD ROM, a field oxide isolation is used.

Abstract: A side pin cushion circuit for keeping exact the period corresponding to the frequency of a synchronizing signal so as to prevent a pin cushion distortion in a cathode ray tube displayer.

Abstract: A horizontal focus circuit in an image display for improving the focus characteristics at the edges of a planar CRT screen or a CRT screen used in a multi-sync mode.