Abstract: According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a solid oxide fuel cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a solid oxide electrolyte between the anode and the cathode. The solid oxide electrolyte includes a solid oxide, and the anode includes a porous scaffold. The porous scaffold includes a solid oxide having metal-based catalysts disposed on one or more surfaces of the porous scaffold. In embodiments, at least one ammonia decomposition layer is disposed proximate the surface of the porous scaffold and is configured to convert ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen for subsequent feed of hydrogen to the anode. The ammonia decomposition layer also includes a metal decomposition catalyst.

Abstract: A bi-directional optical transceiver module includes: an optical transmission unit to output a transmission signal; an optical reception unit to receive a reception signal, the transmission signal and the reception signal having different corresponding first and second wavelength values within a single channel; a splitter, inclined with respect to an incident direction of the transmission signal output from the optical transmission unit, to transmit the transmission signal to an outside, and reflect optical signals input from the outside, the optical signals including the reception signal; and a reflected light-blocking optical filter unit to pass, as the reception signal among the optical signals reflected by the splitter, an optical signal within a preset wavelength range including the second wavelength value.

Abstract: A bi-directional optical transceiver module includes: an optical transmission unit to output a transmission signal; an optical reception unit to receive a reception signal, the transmission signal and the reception signal having different corresponding first and second wavelength values within a single channel; a splitter, inclined with respect to an incident direction of the transmission signal output from the optical transmission unit, to transmit the transmission signal to an outside, and reflect optical signals input from the outside, the optical signals including the reception signal; and a reflected light-blocking optical filter unit to pass, as the reception signal among the optical signals reflected by the splitter, an optical signal within a preset wavelength range including the second wavelength value.