Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a monitor including a first element coupled between a first power supply line and a second power supply line, and a load for increasing a load value between the first element and the first power supply line or the second power supply line, and a determination unit which determines an operating state of the first element based on an output of the monitor.

Abstract: A communication method for a network where a plurality of communication devices are interconnected and a plurality of pairs of working channels and backup channels are set in two paths between adjacent communication devices to perform 1:1-protection communications. For information traffic of a type where importance determined by the type of information to be transmitted is relatively high, the 1:1-protection communications is performed by using working channels set in one of the two paths when there is no failure, and by switching to backup channels set in the other of the two paths when a failure is detected. For information traffic of a type where the importance is relatively low, communications is performed by using channels other than the working channels set for the information traffic of a type where importance is relatively high, in the two paths, when there is no failure.

Abstract: Efficient packet traffic transmission equipment is provided by enhancing the transmission equipment already implemented in a carrier to have the packet processing function, with a reduced number of cross-connects for 1:n (point-to-multipoint) connection between nodes. Transmission equipment includes a switch board having a cross-connect portion for making a multiplexed packet signal to branch to predetermined paths; and a plurality of interface boards for interfacing the cross-connect portion with a multiplexed signal being transmitted on a path, wherein at least one of the plurality of interface boards is a dedicated interface board having a path switch function of demultiplexing the multiplexed packet signal to each packet to route the demultiplexed packet signal to a predetermined path.

Abstract: A communication system is provided for simply protecting a fault-caused spot and enhancing efficiency of network operation. A plurality of physical links are installed in a local span of the network. A load distribution unit virtually forms those physical links as one link aggregation and distributes load to the physical links virtually formed as the link aggregation. If fault information notified from a node at a succeeding stage is received, the load distribution unit recalculates distribution of load to normally communicable physical links. An aggregation unit aggregates data transmitted through those physical links and outputs the data according to their destinations. A fault detector detects a fault on the physical links forming the link aggregation. A fault information notice unit notifies the node at a preceding stage of the fault information.

Abstract: A communication system that enhances the efficiency of network operations in response to a request for a transfer bandwidth increased locally. A plurality of physical links is installed at a span where a transfer bandwidth is locally increased in a network, and the plurality of physical links can cover the increased transfer bandwidth. A load sharing section regards the plurality of physical links as one virtual link called a link aggregation, and performs load sharing and outputs data to the plurality of physical links. A collecting section collects data transmitted through the plurality of physical links and outputs the data according to the destination thereof. Any nodes are connected by a link aggregation to configure an RPR ring network having an ununiform transfer bandwidth.

Abstract: Disclosed is a packet transmitting apparatus for transmitting packets belonging to a plurality of groups having priorities that differ from one another. The apparatus includes a queue controller, which is provided in a scheduling unit, for generating queues on a per-group basis and giving a packet transmit privilege in order, in accordance with the round-robin method, to elements constituting each of the queues, queue by queue; and a packet-transmit group decision unit, which is provided in the scheduling unit, for deciding that a packet transmit group is a group having the highest priority among groups in which a packet corresponding to at least one queue element is awaiting to be transmitted. The queue controller gives the packet transmit privilege to the highest-priority queue element of a queue of the packet transmit group that has been decided and transmits the packet that corresponds to this queue element.

Abstract: A communication method for a network where a plurality of communication devices are interconnected and a plurality of pairs of working channels and backup channels are set in two paths between adjacent communication devices to perform 1:1-protection communications. For information traffic of a type where importance determined by the type of information to be transmitted is relatively high, the 1:1-protection communications is performed by using working channels set in one of the two paths when there is no failure, and by switching to backup channels set in the other of the two paths when a failure is detected. For information traffic of a type where the importance is relatively low, communications is performed by using channels other than the working channels set for the information traffic of a type where importance is relatively high, in the two paths, when there is no failure.

Abstract: Efficient packet traffic transmission equipment is provided by enhancing the transmission equipment already implemented in a carrier to have the packet processing function, with a reduced number of cross-connects for 1:n (point-to-multipoint) connection between nodes. Transmission equipment includes a switch board having a cross-connect portion for making a multiplexed packet signal to branch to predetermined paths; and a plurality of interface boards for interfacing the cross-connect portion with a multiplexed signal being transmitted on a path, wherein at least one of the plurality of interface boards is a dedicated interface board having a path switch function of demultiplexing the multiplexed packet signal to each packet to route the demultiplexed packet signal to a predetermined path.

Abstract: Disclosed is a packet transmitting apparatus for transmitting packets belonging to a plurality of groups having priorities that differ from one another. The apparatus includes a queue controller, which is provided in a scheduling unit, for generating queues on a per-group basis and giving a packet transmit privilege in order, in accordance with the round-robin method, to elements constituting each of the queues, queue by queue; and a packet-transmit group decision unit, which is provided in the scheduling unit, for deciding that a packet transmit group is a group having the highest priority among groups in which a packet corresponding to at least one queue element is awaiting to be transmitted. The queue controller gives the packet transmit privilege to the highest-priority queue element of a queue of the packet transmit group that has been decided and transmits the packet that corresponds to this queue element.

Abstract: A communications system has two transmission circuits, each transmitting a multiplexed signal in both ways. A repeating installation used therein selects either one of the two transmission circuits and terminates management information contained in a signal which flows through a transmission circuit selected by the selecting unit. The repeating installation sets the other non-selected transmission circuit to be in a high impedance state. The selection and termination are commonly performed for the two transmission circuits, and the repeating installation further extracts the management information transmitted and outputs the management information to be outputted. The management information includes a section overhead having management information concerning a repeating section of the communications system, and the repeating installation does not terminate management information concerning a multiplex section. One of the two transmission circuits includes a spare transmission circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for connecting power sources to a plug-in unit has a plug-in connector and a plurality of connection control circuits. Terminal pins of the plug-in connector are connected simultaneously to a negative power source, a GND and a positive power source. When the negative power source and the GND are connected, a first connection control circuit is turned ON and connects the negative power source to a first load circuit. A second connection control circuit is turned on in response to an input from the negative power source supplied to the first load circuit, and supplies a GND signal to a third connection control circuit. The third connection control circuit is turned ON when the GND signal is supplied to the positive power source, and connects the positive power source to a second load circuit.

Abstract: The alarm processing apparatus has fault detection means which detect faults with regard to specific individual items, and which are provided in constituent elements, which have redundancy; fixed fault detection means which determine the individual frequencies of occurrence of the faults detected by the fault detection means and which detect fixed faults related to the individual items, based on the relative magnitude of the frequencies with respect to the allowable maximum fault occurrence frequencies for those items; and selection means which by means of a system configuration command and at a timing which is delayed to longer than the response time of the fixed fault detection means, outputs an alarm for either the faults detected by the fault detection means in response to the system configuration command or the fixed faults detected by the fixed fault detection means.

Abstract: A path protection switching device is provided for a SONET type transmitter-receiver for transmitting and receiving synchronous byte multiplex signals, wherein the scale of circuitry such as a path switch, alarm detecting sections and the like can be reduced. A path switch selects one of channel signals input thereto at identical timing, from time-division multiplex signals output from first and second TSAs while the multiplex signals remain multiplexed. In order for one of the channel signals to be selected while the signals remain multiplexed, the channel signals must be in phase; therefore, phase adjusting sections are provided to cope with the situation where the channel signals are out of phase.

Abstract: A method of controlling termination of current driven circuits that bidirectionally transmit and receive a current driven signal, has the step of transmitting the current driven signal from a first one of the current driven circuits and receiving the signal by a second one of at least one of the current driven circuits while connecting only a termination circuit on the receiver side and disconnecting the other termination circuits. Therefore, the method of controlling termination of current driven circuits carries out simple termination switching control to prevent a decrease in the impedance of the output stage of the current driven circuit and transmit the current driven signal at correct amplitude.