Abstract: With the aim of shortening the entire length and configuring an entire upright microscope compactly even if coded aperture technology and light field technology are applied thereto, a microscope pupil relay optical system is disposed on an image side of a microscope image-forming optical system including an objective lens, and includes, in the following order from an object side, a first lens group that has a positive refractive power and to which a convergent light flux is introduced from the object side; and a second lens group that has a positive refractive power. A lens located closest to the object-side end of the first lens group is disposed on the object side than a primary image-forming plane on which the microscope image-forming optical system forms an object image, and an exit pupil of the objective lens is re-formed at a position optically conjugate with the exit pupil.

Abstract: A microscope objective lens includes: in order from an object side, a first lens group having a negative refractive power; a second lens group having a positive refractive power; a third lens group having a negative refractive power; and a phase plate arranged nearer to an image side than the lens of the third lens group arranged nearest the image side is, wherein a surface of the first lens group nearest the object side is a concave surface facing toward the object, and a specified conditional expression is satisfied.

Abstract: A microscope device includes a stage on which a sample is placed, an objective lens that collects fluorescence generated in the sample as a result of the sample placed on the stage being irradiated with excitation light, a phase plate through which the fluorescence collected by the objective lens is transmitted, an imaging lens that focuses the fluorescence transmitted through the phase plate, and an image acquisition element that acquires a fluorescence image of the sample focused by the imaging lens. The phase plate is disposed at a pupil position of the objective lens or at a position optically conjugate with the pupil position.

Abstract: A microscope imaging optical system has an entrance pupil on an object side and includes, in order from the object side, a first lens group including a biconvex lens and a negative lens having a concave surface on the object side, a second lens group including a negative lens having a concave surface on the object side, and a third lens group including a meniscus lens and a positive lens having a convex surface on an image side. The microscope imaging optical system satisfies conditional expressions 0.05<dp1/f<0.15 and 0.5<TT/f<0.9, where dp1 is the spacing between a lens, closest to the object, of the first lens group and the entrance pupil, f is the focal length of the microscope imaging optical system, and TT is the distance from the entrance pupil to the object image plane.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus includes a light projector that projects a patterned light, and an imager that captures an image of a target onto which the patterned light has been projected. The light projector and the imager are fixed to each other via a mounting face that intersects both a projection axis direction of the light projector and an image acquisition axis direction of the imager.

Abstract: With the aim of shortening the entire length and configuring an entire upright microscope compactly even if coded aperture technology and light field technology are applied thereto, a microscope pupil relay optical system is disposed on an image side of a microscope image-forming optical system including an objective lens, and includes, in the following order from an object side, a first lens group that has a positive refractive power and to which a convergent light flux is introduced from the object side; and a second lens group that has a positive refractive power. A lens located closest to the object-side end of the first lens group is disposed on the object side than a primary image-forming plane on which the microscope image-forming optical system forms an object image, and an exit pupil of the objective lens is re-formed at a position optically conjugate with the exit pupil.

Abstract: A microscope imaging optical system of the present invention has an entrance pupil on the object side and includes, in order from the object side, a first lens group that is composed of biconvex lens and negative lens having a concave surface on the object side, a second lens group that is composed of negative lens having a concave surface on the object side, and a third lens group that is composed of meniscus lens and a positive lens having a convex surface on the image side. The microscope imaging optical system satisfies conditional expressions 0.05<dp1/f<0.15 and 0.5<TT/f<0.9. dp1 is the spacing between the lens, closest to the object, of the first lens group and the entrance pupil, f is the focal length of the microscope imaging optical system, and TT is the distance from the entrance pupil to the object image plane.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes observation units that observe an object from different directions and an image processor. Each of the observation units includes an objective lens, a lens array, and an image pickup element, receives light with the image pickup element, the light being modulated by the object and passing through the objective lens and the lens array, and outputs image signals having a phase difference. The image processor measures a shape of the object in terms of the relative distance from a reference point based on the image signals from the observation units.

Abstract: An optical device production apparatus includes: an manufacturing head that manufactures an optical device by successively building layers of optical material; and a controller that acquires a result of measurement of an optical performance of an optical system including the optical device manufactured. The controller controls the manufacturing head to terminate manufacturing the optical device on the condition that the result of measurement acquired by the controller meets a predetermined condition.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes an optical image projection system, first optical propagation system, and second optical propagation system. The optical image projection system projects image light to infinity. The first optical propagation system propagates the image light projected from the optical image projection system in the x-direction. The first optical propagation system deflects a portion of the image light. The second optical propagation system includes a second input deflector that deflects the image light deflected by the first output deflector. The second optical propagation system propagates the image light deflected by the second input deflector in the y-direction and deflects a portion of the image light. The light beam width in the y-direction of the image light emitted from the optical image projection system and the length in the y-direction of the first light guide are greater than the length in the y-direction of the second input deflector.

Abstract: Provided is a display device that can be readily reduced in size and thickness, and is capable of reducing luminance unevenness within an image. The display device includes: a projection optical system that projects image light at infinity; and a first propagation optical system, a second propagation optical system, and a third propagation optical system, which sequentially enlarge, in one direction, the image light projected from the projection optical system, in which the image light output from the third propagation optical system allows an image to be observed.

Abstract: Provided is an image display device including: a light source part (200) for emitting coherent light; and a plurality of phase shift elements (301) arranged in two-dimensional directions, the device further including a phase shift part (300) for scanning the wavefront of the coherent light from the light source part (200) in two-dimensional directions, in which light is scanned in the two-dimensional directions by a phased array to thereby allow an observer to observe an image.

Abstract: An image pickup element includes a pair of light-receiving elements that are configured to receive light from an object and are disposed for each lens among two-dimensionally arranged lenses, one of the light-receiving elements outputting a pixel signal forming one captured image in a pair of captured images having parallax for displaying a stereoscopic image of the object, and the other of the light-receiving elements outputting a pixel signal forming the other captured image in the pair of captured images, and wiring that is disposed between the light-receiving elements and is configured to transmit an input signal or an output signal of the light-receiving elements. Light leaking from one picture element to an adjacent picture element is blocked by the wiring layer, thereby preventing a reduction in resolution and in the stereoscopic effect of a stereoscopic image.

Abstract: Provided is a display device that can be readily reduced in size and thickness, and is capable of reducing luminance unevenness within an image. The display device includes: a projection optical system that projects image light at infinity; and a first propagation optical system, a second propagation optical system, and a third propagation optical system, which sequentially enlarge, in one direction, the image light projected from the projection optical system, in which the image light output from the third propagation optical system allows an image to be observed.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes observation units that observe an object from different directions and an image processor. Each of the observation units includes an objective lens, a lens array, and an image pickup element, receives light with the image pickup element, the light being modulated by the object and passing through the objective lens and the lens array, and outputs image signals having a phase difference. The image processor measures a shape of the object in terms of the relative distance from a reference point based on the image signals from the observation units.

Abstract: Provided is an image display device, including: a light flux emitter (10) which emits a plurality of parallel light fluxes; and a controller (20) which periodically subjects, to two-dimensional deflection, the parallel light fluxes emitted from the light flux emitter (10), based on a scan signal, and controls, synchronously with the scan signal, light intensity of the plurality of parallel light fluxes based on a light intensity control signal based on image information input thereto, in which: the light flux emitter (10) has at least a plurality of photonic crystal semiconductor lasers (11a) which emit the plurality of parallel light fluxes and are two-dimensionally arranged; and the parallel light fluxes emitted from the plurality of photonic crystal semiconductor lasers (11a) are controlled in light intensity, based on the light intensity control signal.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a pair of light receiving elements which is disposed for each of two-dimensionally aligned lenses and receives light from a subject, one of the light receiving elements outputting a pixel signal constituting one of captured images in a pair, the other of the light receiving elements outputting a pixel signal constituting the other of the captured images in a pair, the captured images in a pair having a parallax for displaying a three-dimensional captured image of the subject; and a wiring layer disposed between the light receiving elements, the wiring layer including a plurality of wiring lines laminated spaced apart from one another for transmitting an input or output signal to and from the light receiving elements, in which the wiring layer shields light that otherwise goes beyond one picture element to be incident onto another picture element.

Abstract: A plurality of two-dimensionally arranged microlenses, a pair of light-receiving elements corresponding to the microlenses, and a light-controlling member configured to control incidence of light onto adjacent light-receiving areas of the pair of light-receiving elements are provided.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a light guide, an optical system that introduces image light into the light guide, a light beam extractor that emits the image light propagating in the light guide from a surface of the light guide along an extent of propagation of the image light, and a positioning member that positions a portion of the optical system by being in contact with the surface of the light guide.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a light guide that propagates image light while totally reflecting the image light, an optical system that introduces the image light into the light guide, a light beam extractor that emits the image light propagating in the light guide from an observer-side surface of the light guide along an extent of propagation of the image light, and a window member facing the observer-side surface of the light guide with a gap therebetween.