Abstract: A method for screening for a molecule capable of forming a complex with a plurality of target molecules has been found by applying an affinity-based method for recovering a candidate molecule to techniques represented by Split GFP techniques. The method includes allowing a first target molecule linked to a first moiety of a protein, a second target molecule linked to a second moiety of the protein, and a library containing a plurality of test molecules to coexist, and recovering a test molecule capable of forming a complex with the first target molecule linked to the first moiety and the second target molecule linked to the second moiety by an affinity technique.

Abstract: The present inventors used aminoacylated tRNAs prepared by ligating a pCpA-amino acid to a tRNA lacking the 3?-terminal CA sequence using a ligase, and thereby succeeded in discrimination between the NNA and NNG codons in specific codon boxes, which had been difficult to achieve due to the presence of wobble base pairing. Furthermore, the inventors assigned another amino acid to the NNU or NNC codon in the same codon box, and performed translation of a sequence containing the NNU, NNA, and NNG codons, or the NNC, NNA, and NNG codons to evaluate the codon discrimination ability. As a result, the codons of interest were specifically translated into only the corresponding amino acids, achieving accurate discrimination successfully. Furthermore, the inventors confirmed that similar effects can also be obtained even when the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA body is altered.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to mutated tRNAs in which the first letter of the anticodon has been substituted to lysidine or agmatidine, and translation systems containing the mutated tRNAs. In a specific embodiment, the present disclosure provides mutated tRNAs capable of selectively translating codon NNA. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides translation systems capable of translating two or three types of amino acids from a single codon box. In still another embodiment, the present disclosure provides novel methods for synthesizing lysidine diphosphate, agmatidine diphosphate, and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for enhancing growth factor production, comprising a plant-derived enhancer for growth factor production; a therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent for a disease requiring enhancement of growth factor production and a food, beverage or feed for enhancing growth factor production, each comprising the above composition. In addition, the present invention relates to a functional food, beverage or feed excellent in health enhancement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for enhancing growth factor production, comprising a plant-derived enhancer for growth factor production; a therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent for a disease requiring enhancement of growth factor production and a food, beverage or feed for enhancing growth factor production, each comprising the above composition. In addition, the present invention relates to a functional food, beverage or feed excellent in health enhancement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent for a disease requiring enhancement for growth factor production and a food, beverage or feed for enhancing growth factor production, each comprising as an effective ingredient: polyphenols, derivatives thereof, and/or salts thereof; or a composition obtained by subjecting polyphenols, derivatives thereof, and/or salts thereof to: (i) a mixing treatment with a metal, a metal salt and a metal ion, or (ii) an oxidation treatment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a suppressor for unbalance of gene expressions, characterized in that the suppressor comprises, as an effective ingredient, a specified compound; a therapeutic agent or prophylactic agent for a disease that requires modulating unbalance of expressions of a specified gene; and a method for modulating unbalance of gene expressions, characterized by administering to a mammal the above-mentioned compound.