Abstract: An optical system (L0) that forms an image of an object and that includes an aperture stop (SP), a first reflection surface (R2), and a second reflection surface (R3) which are disposed in order from an enlargement side to a reduction side, an area of the first reflection surface is larger than an area of the second reflection surface, a reference axis is a path of a reference ray that passes through an opening center of the aperture stop to reach a center of a reduction plane, and an angle ?QPR (deg) between a line segment PQ connecting the opening center P and an intersection Q of the reference axis and the first reflection surface, and a line segment PR connecting the opening center P and an intersection R of the reference axis and the second reflection surface satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: An optical system (L0) that forms an image of an object and that includes an aperture stop (SP), a first reflection surface (R2), and a second reflection surface (R3) which are disposed in order from an enlargement side to a reduction side, an area of the first reflection surface is larger than an area of the second reflection surface, a reference axis is a path of a reference ray that passes through an opening center of the aperture stop to reach a center of a reduction plane, and an angle ?QPR (deg) between a line segment PQ connecting the opening center P and an intersection Q of the reference axis and the first reflection surface, and a line segment PR connecting the opening center P and an intersection R of the reference axis and the second reflection surface satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: A partial lens unit St includes one or more positive lenses that are appropriately set based on a focal length f1 of a first lens unit, a focal length f2 of a second lens unit, an overall lens length L, a focal length f of an imaging optical system of when focused on an infinite-distance object, a focal length fPi of an i-th positive lens in an i-th position, among the positive lenses, counted in order from an object side to an image side, an Abbe number and an anomalous partial dispersion ratio difference ?dPi and ??gFPi of a material for the i-th positive lens, and the total number n of the positive lenses included in the one or more partial lens units St.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus (204) includes a generator (204a) which generates difference information relating to a plurality of parallax images, a gain distribution determiner (204b) which determines a gain distribution based on the difference information, an intensity determiner (204c) which determines an unnecessary component intensity based on the gain distribution, and a reducer (204d) which generates an unnecessary component reduction image in which an unnecessary component is reduced based on the parallax image and the unnecessary component intensity.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus (204) includes an unnecessary component determiner (204a) which determines unnecessary component information of a parallax image based on difference information relating to a plurality of parallax images, a reduction processor (204b) which performs reduction processing on at least one of the parallax image, the difference information, and the unnecessary component information, a magnification processor (204c) which performs magnification processing on the unnecessary component information, and an unnecessary component reducer (204d) which reduces an unnecessary component, based on the unnecessary component information, from the parallax image or a synthesized image obtained by synthesizing the plurality of parallax images.

Abstract: An image processing method includes the steps of determining a first unnecessary component contained in each of a plurality of parallax images based on a plurality of pieces of relative difference information of the parallax images, generating a first image by reducing the first unnecessary component from the parallax images, generating a blurred image by adding blur to the first image, creating a mask based on the blurred image and the first image, and determining a second unnecessary component based on the first unnecessary component and the mask.

Abstract: An image processing method includes the steps of acquiring a first image shot by using a compound eye image pickup apparatus, acquiring image capturing condition information of the first image, acquiring, depending on the image capturing condition information, optical characteristic information of a plurality of optical systems having a plurality of focal lengths different from each other in the compound eye image pickup apparatus, correcting a deterioration of the first image caused by shooting the first image based on the optical characteristic information, and generating a second image based on information of a position and an angle of a ray obtained from the first image whose deterioration is corrected, and the optical characteristic information contains at least one of information related to aberrations and information related to peripheral illumination of the optical systems.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an imaging optical system, an image pickup element including a plurality of pixels, a lens array configured such that rays from the same position on an object plane are incident on pixels of the image pickup element different from each other depending on a pupil region of the imaging optical system through which the ray passes, an image processing unit configured to perform image processing for the input image acquired by the image pickup element to generate the output images, and a control unit configured to drive the imaging optical system to perform focus control, the image processing unit is configured to acquire information on a refocus control range, and the control unit is configured to perform the focus control based on the information on the refocus control range.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus (10) capable of generating a plurality of output images having different focus positions by reconstructing an input image, the image pickup apparatus includes an input image obtaining unit (100) configured to obtain the input image, an image processing unit (105) configured to generate a display image from the input image, and a display unit (106) configured to display the display image, and the image processing unit (105) obtains a focus control range in which a focus position is controllable, and generates the display image including information on the focus control range by using at least a part of the input image.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an image sensor, and a controller configured to drive a focus unit so that a first position is focused, to acquire first information on a first refocusable range that is available in an image that is captured while the first position is being focused by the focus unit, to acquire second information on a second refocusable range that contains the first position, to acquire information on a second position on which the focus unit is to be focused so as to provide the second refocusable range using the first information and the second information, and make the image sensor capture an image while the second position is being focused by the focus unit.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an imaging optical system, an image pickup element including a plurality of pixels, a lens array configured such that rays from the same position on an object plane are incident on pixels of the image pickup element different from each other depending on a pupil region of the imaging optical system through which the ray passes, an image processing unit configured to perform image processing for the input image acquired by the image pickup element to generate the output images, and a control unit configured to drive the imaging optical system to perform focus control, the image processing unit is configured to acquire information on a refocus control range, and the control unit is configured to perform the focus control based on the information on the refocus control range.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus generates an output image using an input image including object space information, the image processing apparatus includes a region dividing unit configured to divide the input image into a first region and a second region, and a reconstructed image generating unit configured to reconstruct the input image to generate the output image, and the reconstructed image generating unit applies different shooting conditions from each other to the first region and the second region respectively.

Abstract: A partial lens unit St includes one or more positive lenses that are appropriately set based on a focal length f1 of a first lens unit, a focal length f2 of a second lens unit, an overall lens length L, a focal length f of an imaging optical system of when focused on an infinite-distance object, a focal length fPi of an i-th positive lens in an i-th position, among the positive lenses, counted in order from an object side to an image side, an Abbe number and an anomalous partial dispersion ratio difference ?dPi and ??gFPi of a material for the i-th positive lens, and the total number n of the positive lenses included in the one or more partial lens units St.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an imaging optical system, an image pickup element including a plurality of pixels, a lens array configured such that rays from the same position on an object plane are incident on pixels of the image pickup element different from each other depending on a pupil region of the imaging optical system through which the ray passes, an image processing unit configured to perform image processing for the input image acquired by the image pickup element to generate the output images, and a control unit configured to drive the imaging optical system to perform focus control, the image processing unit is configured to acquire information on a refocus control range, and the control unit is configured to perform the focus control based on the information on the refocus control range.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus (204) includes an unnecessary component determiner (204a) which determines unnecessary component information of a parallax image based on difference information relating to a plurality of parallax images, a reduction processor (204b) which performs reduction processing on at least one of the parallax image, the difference information, and the unnecessary component information, a magnification processor (204c) which performs magnification processing on the unnecessary component information, and an unnecessary component reducer (204d) which reduces an unnecessary component, based on the unnecessary component information, from the parallax image or a synthesized image obtained by synthesizing the plurality of parallax images.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus (204) includes a generator (204a) which generates difference information relating to a plurality of parallax images, a gain distribution determiner (204b) which determines a gain distribution based on the difference information, an intensity determiner (204c) which determines an unnecessary component intensity based on the gain distribution, and a reducer (204d) which generates an unnecessary component reduction image in which an unnecessary component is reduced based on the parallax image and the unnecessary component intensity.

Abstract: An image processing method includes the steps of acquiring a first image shot by using a compound eye image pickup apparatus, acquiring image capturing condition information of the first image, acquiring, depending on the image capturing condition information, optical characteristic information of a plurality of optical systems having a plurality of focal lengths different from each other in the compound eye image pickup apparatus, correcting a deterioration of the first image caused by shooting the first image based on the optical characteristic information, and generating a second image based on information of a position and an angle of a ray obtained from the first image whose deterioration is corrected, and the optical characteristic information contains at least one of information related to aberrations and information related to peripheral illumination of the optical systems.

Abstract: An image processing method includes the steps of determining a first unnecessary component contained in each of a plurality of parallax images based on a plurality of pieces of relative difference information of the parallax images, generating a first image by reducing the first unnecessary component from the parallax images, generating a blurred image by adding blur to the first image, creating a mask based on the blurred image and the first image, and determining a second unnecessary component based on the first unnecessary component and the mask.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an image sensor, and a controller configured to drive a focus unit so that a first position is focused, to acquire first information on a first refocusable range that is available in an image that is captured while the first position is being focused by the focus unit, to acquire second information on a second refocusable range that contains the first position, to acquire information on a second position on which the focus unit is to be focused so as to provide the second refocusable range using the first information and the second information, and make the image sensor capture an image while the second position is being focused by the focus unit.

Abstract: The zoom lens includes at least five lens groups including first, second, third, fourth and fifth lens groups respectively having positive, negative, negative, positive and positive refractive powers. At least four movable lens groups are moved during zooming. At least two movable lens groups placed further on an image side than an aperture. C1 and C2 lens groups are moved so as to draw mutually different loci and such that a distance therebetween becomes maximum at a middle zoom position. The C1 and C2 lens groups are located further on a same side at the telephoto end than at a wide-angle end. At least one of D1 and D2 lens groups is moved during the zooming so as to be located further on an object side at a telephoto end than at the wide-angle end. A distance therebetween at the telephoto end becomes larger than that at wide-angle end.