Abstract: A transmission according to the disclosure includes: a case; a carrier housed inside the case and configured to rotate relative to the case; and a seal mechanism provided between the case and the carrier. The seal mechanism includes a seal lip portion having a lip end for sealing, the lip end being in linear contact with an outer circumferential surface of the carrier along a circumferential direction of the carrier.

Abstract: A new method for generating micro-nano bubbles that uses water hammering, a bubble generating nozzle, and an apparatus for generating micro-nano bubbles are provided to construct a system. The system is for generating micro-nano bubbles in a large amount using only pure water, which does not include any nucleating agents, and for performing not only a clean washing and sterilization but also the generation of uncontaminated micro-nano bubbles. The method defined in the present invention uses water hammering power produced by a mutual collision of jets of dissolved-gas-including solution squirted from two or more spouts.

Abstract: A new method for generating micro-nano bubbles that uses water hammering, a bubble generating nozzle, and an apparatus for generating micro-nano bubbles are provided to construct a system. The system is for generating micro-nano bubbles in a large amount using only pure water, which does not include any nucleating agents, and for performing not only a clean washing and sterilization but also generation of uncontaminated micro-nano bubbles. The method defined in the present invention uses water hammering power produced by a mutual collision of jets of dissolved-gas-including solution squirted from two or more spouts.

Abstract: A map display apparatus includes a map data memory which stores map data necessary for plotting a map of a predetermined region; a map display which reads map data out of the map data memory and plots a bird's-eye view display by projecting the map data read out from the map data memory onto a projection plane which makes a projection angle with a plane of the map data read out from the map data memory, the projection angle being greater than 0° and less than 90°, the bird's-eye view display including identifying marks which identify items in the bird's-eye view display; and an identifying mark overlap preventer which prevents identifying marks from overlapping one another in the bird's-eye view display.

Abstract: A map display apparatus includes a map data memory which stores map data necessary for plotting a map of a predetermined region; a map display which reads map data out of the map data memory and plots a bird's-eye view display by projecting the map data read out from the map data memory onto a projection plane which makes a projection angle with a plane of the map data read out from the map data memory, the projection angle being greater than 0° and less than 90°, the bird's-eye view display including identifying marks which identify items in the bird's-eye view display; and an identifying mark overlap preventer which prevents identifying marks from overlapping one another in the bird's-eye view display.

Abstract: A map display apparatus includes a map data memory which stores map data necessary for plotting a map of a predetermined region; a map display which reads map data out of the map data memory and plots a bird's-eye view display by projecting the map data read out from the map data memory onto a projection plane which makes a projection angle with a plane of the map data read out from the map data memory, the projection angle being greater than 0° and less than 90°, the bird's-eye view display including identifying marks which identify items in the bird's-eye view display; and an identifying mark overlap preventer which prevents identifying marks from overlapping one another in the bird's-eye view display.

Abstract: A pocket-size information transfer apparatus includes two insertion slots in which IC cards for storing electronic information are inserted and which are open on the owner's side and the other party's side and an IC card operation unit for reading and writing electronic information in the IC cards inserted into the two insertion slot. The owner's IC card is inserted into one of the two insertion slots having a deeper depth and the other party's IC card is inserted in the other insertion slot having a shallow depth.

Abstract: A map display apparatus includes a map data memory which stores map data necessary for plotting a map of a predetermined region; a map display which reads map data out of the map data memory and plots a bird's-eye view display by projecting the map data read out from the map data memory onto a projection plane which makes a projection angle with a plane of the map data read out from the map data memory, the projection angle being greater than 0° and less than 90°, the bird's-eye view display including identifying marks which identify items in the bird's-eye view display; and an identifying mark overlap preventer which prevents identifying marks from overlapping one another in the bird's-eye view display.

Abstract: A navigation apparatus for displaying most appropriately information such as character strings, routes, etc., when a map is displayed by bird's-eye view display. The navigation apparatus includes a portion for calculating the present position on the basis of information from sensors, a portion for executing perspective conversion operation for displaying a map by bird's-eye view display, a portion for disposing the present position or the present position and a position representing a destination at the most suitable positions, a portion for controlling so that overlap of character strings can be eliminated, a portion for controlling the same character strings, a portion for displaying most appropriately a background such as lines and planes, a portion for controlling marks to be displayed, and a portion for executing graphic plotting by using the resulting map data.

Abstract: A navigation system for vehicles comprises a read device that reads planar map data from a recording medium which stores in memory planimetric map data of a road map, a current position detection device that detects the current position of the vehicle, a storage circuit that stores in memory function tables for converting positional coordinates of nodes included in a road map area around the detected current position to positional coordinates of nodes on a bird's-eye-view map obtained by looking down upon the road map in a specific direction, at a specific look-down angle and a specific aspect angle from a viewpoint set above the vicinity of the detected current position and a bird's-eye-view map display data preparation circuit that reads out data related to coordinate positions of nodes on the bird's-eye-view map by operating the conversion table with the coordinate positions of nodes on the road map and prepares bird's-eye-view map display data for displaying the bird's-eye-view map on the monitor based up

Abstract: A body of a portable card reader/writer has open slots and includes key switches and a display located thereon. The IC card can be inserted either slot of the body. The end of the IC card inserted from one slot is positioned by a positioning member in the vicinity of the other slot. In this position, contacts of a connector of the IC card are electrically connected to contacts of an IC connector of the body. In addition, the body is provided with a positioning member which positions the IC card inserted from the other slot, and an IC connector.

Abstract: A navigation apparatus for displaying most appropriately information such as character strings, routes, etc., when a map is displayed by bird's-eye view display. The navigation apparatus includes a portion for calculating the present position on the basis of information from sensors, a portion for executing perspective conversion operation for displaying a map by bird's-eye view display, a portion for disposing the present position or the present position and a position representing a destination at the most suitable positions, a portion for controlling so that overlap of character strings can be eliminated, a portion for controlling the same character strings, a portion for displaying most appropriately a background such as lines and planes, a portion for controlling marks to be displayed, and a portion for executing graphic plotting by using the resulting map data.

Abstract: Homopolyamino acids and copolyamino acids are prepared by polycondensation of one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds of monoammonium, diammonium, monoamide, diamide or monoamideammonium salts of malic acid and/or maleic acid and/or fumaric acid, one kind or two or more kinds of amino acid being added to said raw materials, respectively, with application of microwaves, the resulting polyamino acids (imide type) being converted to peptide type, homopolyamino acids and copolyamino acids, respectively upon partial hydrolysis. The operation involved in the reaction is simple and the method permits the use of low cost reaction materials. As a result, imide type and also peptide type, homopolyamino and copolyamino acids are produced with uniform quality at a high rate of yield within an extremely short period of time. Accordingly, the method is incomparably superior to those which have been announced in the past.

Abstract: Copoly(amino acids) are produced by heating a mixture of at least one amino acid with at least one of ammonium malate, ammonium maleate or ammonium fumarate, or ammonium salts of malic, maleic or fumaric acid monoamide, or malic, maleic or fumaric acid monoamide or diamide, and hydrolyzing the reaction mixture under neutral or alkaline condition. The method is simple and easy to handle, and therefore, it is suitable for industrial applications.