Abstract: Disclosed is a surveying instrument and a plumbing device for plumbing the surveying instrument. The plumbing device is capable of calculating dislocations x and y of the surveying instrument from a datum point, and the instrument height H of the surveying instrument. The plumbing device comprises optical means for forming an image of a target placed at a survey station to indicate the survey station, photoelectric means for receiving an image of the target and providing an image signal, and processing means for calculating instrument height corresponding to distance between a reference point on the surveying instrument and the target, and dislocations of the reference point from the survey station.

Abstract: A photodetecting system for an automatic surveying instrument equipped with an automatic tracking system is capable of controlling the automatic surveying instrument by simple photodetecting means. A collimating optical system collimates the surveying instrument with respect to an object, a splitting optical device splits incident light rays received from the collimating optical system into light rays that travel toward first and second photodetecting devices, respectively, a first light condensing device disposed on an optical path between the first photodetecting device and the splitting optical device gathers the light rays in a first direction, and a second light condensing device disposed on an optical path between the second photodetecting device and the splitting optical device gathers the light rays in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a distance measuring device for measuring a distance, comprising a light emitting unit for emitting a measuring light beam toward an object to be measured, and a photodetection unit for receiving a reflected measuring light beam reflected from the object to be measured, wherein said distance measuring device comprises a gain control unit for changing photodetection sensitivity of said photodetection unit by a bias voltage and a light amount switching unit for variably changing a light amount of the light emitting element which emits the light beam toward the photodetection unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inclination sensor which utilizes a liquid member having a free surface. A first optical system collimates light emitted from a light source, a dark field pattern allows the light from the first optical system to pass therethrough, a half mirror changes the direction of the light which has passed through the scale pattern, a first liquid member having a free surface reflects the pattern light thus changed its direction by the half mirror, a second optical system focuses the pattern light reflected by the first liquid member, a light receiving means receives a light image formed by the second optical system, and a processing means calculates an inclination on the basis of a reception signal provided from the light receiving means. The scale pattern is formed by a plurality of slits, and the half mirror is disposed on an optical path of both the liquid member and the second optical system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inclination sensor capable of detecting inclinations in two X- and Y- axis directions with use of only a single linear sensor. In this inclination sensor, a first optical system collimates the light emitted from a light source, a dark field pattern allows the light from the first optical system to pass therethrough, a half mirror changes the direction of the light which has passed through the dark field pattern, a first liquid member reflects the light which has been changed its direction by the half mirror, a second optical system focuses the light reflected by the first liquid member, the light receiving means receives a light image formed by the second optical system, and the processing means calculates an inclination on the basis of a reception signal provided from the light receiving means.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus has a keyboard including a single, mode designation key, a display having display areas for displaying groups of operation modes of similar nature, a memory for storing input information and a designated operation mode, a non-volatile memory for saving mode information, and a controller for controlling the operation sequence of the apparatus. A desired operation mode can be designated with simple key input operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotary encoder for detecting an angle and more particularly to a rotary encoder having a scale with a plurality of patterns of different cycles formed on the rotor thereof and capable of precisely measuring the angle of the rotor by reading the scale. The rotary encoder is made up of a rotor and a stator. A scale formed on the rotor has a first pattern modulated for a first period and a second pattern modulated for a second period different from the first period and the first pattern and the second pattern are sequentially disposed at equal pitch in the rotating direction of the rotor, and, further, there is provided a scale detection means for reading the patterns of the scale. Modulation of the first pattern and the second pattern may be made by spatial modulation exercised by changing the width of the bars in the scale.

Abstract: In a horizontal position error correction mechanism for an electronic level according to the present invention, a collimation optical system collimates a level rod, and a calculation processing device processes an output signal of a photoelectric converter by calculation to calculate a difference of elevation and so forth. A compensator device formed on a telescope optical system for maintaining a horizontal position corrects an inclination of the electronic level to maintain the horizontal position of the electronic level, and a suspended optical member suspended from the compensator device is rocked in forward and backward directions and leftward and rightward directions in response to an inclination of the compensator device.

Abstract: An electronic leveling apparatus and associated leveling staff are designed to form an image of scale patterns of the leveling staff on a photo-electric transducer by means of a telescopic optical system, convert the image into an electrical signal with the transducer and implement the Fourier transformation for the signal with a signal processor, thereby having functions of focusing control and abnormality detection. The leveling staff has an alignment of the first and second (and third) scale patterns aligned in order cyclically at a constant pitch along the length measuring direction, with the first and second patterns having their widths varied in different cyclic periods and the third pattern having a constant width.

Abstract: An electronic leveling system, which is intended to enhance the efficiency of leveling work, is capable of sending various data generated on the part of the electronic level unit from it to the electronic leveling staff and sending various data generated on the part of the leveling staff from it to the leveling unit. The system includes a function of compensating automatically the tilt of the leveling unit and leveling staff.

Abstract: An electronic leveling apparatus and associated leveling staff are capable of measuring the height difference of the positions automatically through the opto-electric conversion of the image of a pattern formed on the leveling staff. The apparatus has a turning drive means for turning it on a horizontal plane, a light emission means for emitting a light beam to the outside, a light reception means for receiving a reflected light of the emitted light beam, and a signal processor for controlling the turning drive means in response to the received signal so that the apparatus is oriented to the leveling staff automatically.

Abstract: A document processing apparatus which has a keyboard for inputting characters and instructions. The apparatus includes a memory that randomly stores the inputted characters as titles and documents. The memory includes a field associated with each of the titles for storing an evaluation value indicating an order for the sequential display of the titles. The evaluation value is generated by comparing each of the titles to each other to determine the order of the sequential display. The apparatus in response to the inputted instructions sequentially displays the titles in a forward or a reverse sequence.

Abstract: A system for registering and calling documents in a character processing unit includes a memory for storing character string information and title information associated with the character string information, and a display for displaying the title information stored in the memory. An entry device enters the title information and a call device calls the relevant character string information from the memory by entering the title information associated with the title information displayed on the display from the entray device. A registration device registers a new character string by entering the title information which is not stored in the memory device and reads out a character string which is stored in the memory device.

Abstract: A distance measuring device using two kinds of modulation frequencies is disclosed. More particularly, the distance measuring device is an electro-optical distance meter for measuring a distance by combining the results of fine measurement and rough measurement. The fine measurement is effected by detecting a phase difference between a modulation signal generated from a light emitting device and a reflected modulation signal generated from a light receiving device, while the rough measurement is effected by measuring a lag time between the modulation signal and the reflected modulation signal. Further, the distance may be measured by detecting a phase difference and a lag time of a multiplex modulation signal, in which the measurements of the phase difference and the lag time may be carried out in parallel with use of a single frequency. Particularly, a measuring time can be shortened as compared with that in an electro-optical distance meter time-divisionally using three frequencies.

Abstract: An electronic typewriter includes: a carriage mounting a printing unit; a control unit for controlling the movement of the carriage; a first setting unit for setting a print start position at a preset position, a second setting unit for setting a decimal point tab position so as to align decimal point positions while printing; and a decision unit for deciding whether the control unit is to control the carriage on the basis of the decimal point position set by the second setting unit. The carriage is stopped at the decimal tab position if it is necessary, while the carriage is not stopped at the decimal tab position if it is not necessary. Thus, the operator can perform the tab operations without paying attention to the decimal tab position. Alternatively, instead of the decimal tab position, such control may apply to the tab position.