Abstract: A variety of methods and systems are disclosed, including, in one embodiment, a method including: processing at least a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil in a desalter to form at least a desalted pyrolysis oil; heating the desalted pyrolysis oil; separating the desalted pyrolysis oil to form a vapor phase and a liquid phase; steam cracking at least a portion of the first vapor phase in the presence of steam to form at least a cracking effluent; and separating the cracking effluent into at least an additional vapor phase and an additional liquid phase.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for recycling of artificial turf, including, in one embodiment, a method comprising: providing a turf feed including a sized carpet composition; subjecting the turf feed to thermal treatment to produce a liquid effluent including hydrocarbons; and removing entrained solids and heavies from the liquid effluent via a separator, wherein the heavies have an average density greater than the average density of the liquid effluent that enters the separator.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for conversion of polymers (such as plastic waste) to olefins and/or feedstocks that can be further processed for formation of olefins, fuels, and/or other products. The systems and methods can include an optional thermal dehalogenation stage followed by an initial pyrolysis stage where a plastic feedstock is at least partially converted to lower boiling products. Prior to, during, and/or after the pyrolysis stage, one or more contaminant removal stages can be used in order to reduce the content of halides and/or other contaminants in the pyrolysis effluent. This can allow at least a portion of the pyrolysis effluent, such as a gas phase portion and/or a liquid phase portion of the pyrolysis effluent, to have a sufficiently low contaminant content to be used as part of a feed to a conventional petrochemical process.

Abstract: Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon for a predetermined period of time. The process can include determining an amount of one or more contaminant-containing compositions that will be present in a pyrolysis effluent based, at least in part, on a composition of a hydrocarbon feed to be steam cracked, a temperature the hydrocarbon feed will be heated at during steam cracking, a residence time the hydrocarbon feed will be heated at the temperature during steam cracking, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the process can also include taking one or more steps to allow the hydrocarbon feed to be steam cracked for at least as long as a predetermined period of time, controlling process conditions within one or more separation stages to favor certain product compositions, introducing a predetermined amount of one or more agents into various locations of the process, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-containing fluids are provided for use during solvent-assisted hydroprocessing of pyrolysis tar, such as steam cracker tar. The hydrocarbon-containing fluids can be used at any convenient time, such as during start-up of a pyrolysis process when recycled liquid pyrolysis product is not available; when the amount of liquid pyrolysis product available for recycle is not sufficient to maintain desired hydroprocessing conditions; and/or when the changes to the quality of the liquid pyrolysis product reduce the suitability of the recycle stream for use as a utility fluid.

Abstract: Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon for a predetermined period of time. The process can include determining an amount of one or more contaminant-containing compositions that will be present in a pyrolysis effluent based, at least in part, on a composition of a hydrocarbon feed to be steam cracked, a. temperature the hydrocarbon feed will be heated at during steam cracking, a residence time the hydrocarbon feed will be heated at the temperature during steam cracking, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the process can also include taking one or more steps to allow the hydrocarbon feed to be steam cracked for at least as long as a predetermined, period of time, such as controlling process conditions within one or more separation stages to favor certain product compositions and/or introducing a predetermined amount of one or more materials into various locations of the process, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: Bifuran-modified polyester, polyethylene-terephthalate-co (2,2?-bifuran-5,5?-dicarboxylate), prepared by esterifying or transesterifying a diacid component comprising from 2 to 10 mole percent 2,2?-bifuran-5,5?-dicarboxylate and a diol component with a catalyst compound comprising metal present in an amount of from about 10 to about 450 ppm and polycondensation to form the polyester wherein the polyester has an inherent viscosity of at least 0.5 g/dL, a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 82° C. or more, a semicrystalline melting peak (Tm) with ?Hf equal to or greater than 5 J/g on the second heating ramp, and melting temperature (Tm) between 229° C. and 246° C. Reinforced compositions and shaped articles comprising bifuran-modified polyethylene terephthalate and methods of their production are also disclosed.

Abstract: A 5,5?-Di-(protected)-2,2?-bifuran: wherein each R1 is independently an unsubstituted or substituted 5- or 6-member 1,3-dioxo-2-yl ring radical. Processes for making the bifuran include coupling 2-(protected)-furfural. Processes for using the bifuran include deprotection, functionalization, and/or polymerization to form a polyester. The polyester can be a renewable, high-performing polyester offering a combination of low cost of production, high sustainability, and excellent performance.

Abstract: Semicrystalline polyethylene-2,2?-bifuran-5,5?-dicarboxylate (PEBF) homopolyester or copolyester with up to 5 mole percent isophthalate or up to 2.7 mole percent terephthalate, based on the diacid component, or up to 2.5 mole percent 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), based on the diol component, prepared by esterifying or transesterifying the diacid and the diol components with a catalyst including about 10 to about 50 ppm wt metal, and polycondensation, wherein the bifuran polyester has an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.4 g/dL and a semicrystalline melting peak (Tm) with ?Hf equal to or greater than 5 J/g on the second heating ramp.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to hydrocarbon pyrolysis of advantaged feeds. The advantaged feeds can comprise hydrocarbon, at least one halogen-containing composition, and at least one metal-containing composition, where the halogen-containing composition and the metal-containing composition are substantially different compositions. The disclosure encompasses steam cracking of advanced feeds comprising hydrocarbon and one or more of chloride-containing compositions, nickel-containing compositions, and vanadium-containing compositions.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for co-processing of pyrolysis tar with pre-pyrolysis flash bottoms. In some aspects, the co-processing can correspond to solvent-assisted hydroprocessing. By combining pyrolysis tar and flash bottoms with a solvent, various difficulties associated with hydroprocessing of the fractions can be reduced or minimized, such as difficulties associated with hydroprocessing of high viscosity feeds and/or high sulfur feeds. Optionally, separate solvents and/or fluxes can be used for the pyrolysis tar and the flash bottoms. The resulting upgraded products can be suitable, for example, for inclusion in low sulfur fuel oils (LSFO).

Abstract: Processes for preparing a low particulate liquid hydrocarbon product are provided and includes blending a tar stream containing particles with a fluid to produce a fluid-feed mixture containing tar, the particles, and the fluid, and centrifuging the fluid-feed mixture at a temperature of greater than 60° C. to produce a higher density portion and a lower density portion, where the lower density portion contains no more than 25 wt % of the particles in the fluid-feed mixture.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon-containing fluids are provided for use during solvent-assisted hydroprocessing of pyrolysis tar, such as steam cracker tar. The hydrocarbon-containing fluids can be used at any convenient time, such as during start-up of a pyrolysis process when recycled liquid pyrolysis product is not available; when the amount of liquid pyrolysis product available for recycle is not sufficient to maintain desired hydroprocessing conditions; and/or when the changes to the quality of the liquid pyrolysis product reduce the suitability of the recycle stream for use as a utility fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for determining the suitability of pyrolysis tar, such as steam cracker tar, for upgrading using hydroprocessing without excessive fouling of the hydroprocessing reactor. A pyrolysis tar is sampled, the sample is analyzed to determine one or more characteristics of the tar related to tar reactivity, and the analysis is used to determine conditions under which the tar can be blended, pre-treated, and/or hydroprocessed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for increasing the portion of a pyrolysis tar fraction that can be hydroprocessed by using a physical particle size reduction process on at least a portion of the pyrolysis tar fraction. The physical particle size reduction process can reduce the percentage of particles in the pyrolysis tar fraction that have a particle size of 75 ?m or greater, or 50 ?m or greater. It has been unexpectedly discovered that at least a portion of the particles having a size of 75 ?m or less, or 50 ?m or less, can be effectively hydroprocessed to form products of greater value while still reducing or minimizing the amount of fouling or plugging in a hydroprocessing catalyst bed. By increasing the number of particles having a size of 75 ?m or less, or 50 ?m or less, while selectively removing larger particles from the SCT fraction, a higher yield of hydrocarbon products can be achieved for a feed containing an SCT fraction.

Abstract: Processes for improving hydrocarbon feedstock compatibility are provided. More specifically, a process for preparing a liquid hydrocarbon product includes heat soaking a tar stream to produce a reduced reactivity tar and blending the reduced reactivity tar with a utility fluid comprising recycle solvent to produce a lower viscosity, reduced reactivity tar. The process also includes hydroprocessing the lower viscosity, reduced reactivity tar at a temperature of greater than 350° C. to produce a total liquids product containing the liquid hydrocarbon product and the recycle solvent. The process further includes separating the recycle solvent from the total liquids product, where the recycle solvent has the SBN of greater than 110, and flowing the recycle solvent to the reduced reactivity tar for blending to produce the lower viscosity, reduced reactivity tar.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for preparing a liquid hydrocarbon product are provided. In one embodiment, a process for prepreparing a liquid hydrocarbon product includes thermally-treating a tar to produce a first tar composition and blending the tar composition with a utility fluid to form a tar-fluid mixture. The process includes separating the tar-fluid mixture to form a first lower-density portion and a first higher-density portion containing solids. The process further includes thermally-treating the first higher-density portion to form a thermally-treated first higher-density portion to convert at least a portion of the solids to liquid.

Abstract: Processes for preparing a low particulate liquid hydrocarbon product are provided and include blending a tar stream containing particles with a fluid and heating to a temperature of 250° C. or greater to produce a fluid-feed mixture that contains tar, the particles, and the fluid. The fluid-feed mixture contains about 20 wt % or greater of the fluid, based on a combined weight of the tar stream and the fluid. Also, about 25 wt % to about 99 wt % of the particles in the tar stream are dissolved or decomposed when producing the fluid-feed mixture.

Abstract: Copolyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene furanoate (PEF) modified with bifuran polyacids such as dimethyl-2,2?-bifuran-5,5?-dicarboxylate (BFE), 2,2?-bifuran-5,5?-dicarboxylic acid (BDA), or bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2?-bifuran-5,5?-dicarboxylate (BHEB), and/or bifuran polyhydroxyls, may have improved properties such as glass transition temperature (Tg), tensile modulus, barrier properties, crystallinity, and/or impact strength. Polyethylene terephthalate-co-bifuranoate (PETBF) has an improved Tg. Also described are polyethylene furanoate-co-bifuranoates (PEFBF).

Abstract: Processes for preparing a low particulate liquid hydrocarbon product are provided and includes blending a tar stream containing particles with a fluid to produce a fluid-feed mixture containing tar, the particles, and the fluid, and centrifuging the fluid-feed mixture at a temperature of greater than 60° C. to produce a higher density portion and a lower density portion, where the lower density portion contains no more than 25 wt % of the particles in the fluid-feed mixture.