Abstract: A compact drive unit is predominantly intended for traction vehicles, especially for rail vehicles. This invention allows significant reduction of volume and weight of drive units. The drive unit comprises high-speed electrical motor (1) with passive cooling, which is supplied by power electronics converter (2), whose rotor is supported by bearings (3) along with pinion gear (4) of the input spur/helical gear (5). The output shaft (6) of the gear (5) is a part of the next following gear (7). Output shaft of this gear (7) can be connected either directly or by using the coupling (12) to the axle (8) of the traction vehicle, or to the wheel (9). Alternatively, in case the higher transmission ratio is required, it can be connected to another gears (10), where the output shaft of the gears (10) is connected to the wheel (9), or to the axle (8) of the traction vehicle directly or by using the coupling (12). The drive unit can be equipped with brake (13).

Abstract: A compact drive unit is predominantly intended for traction vehicles, especially for rail vehicles. This invention allows significant reduction of volume and weight of drive units. The drive unit comprises high-speed electrical motor (1) with passive cooling, which is supplied by power electronics converter (2), whose rotor is supported by bearings (3) along with pinion gear (4) of the input spur/helical gear (5). The output shaft (6) of the gear (5) is a part of the next following gear (7). Output shaft of this gear (7) can be connected either directly or by using the coupling (12) to the axle (8) of the traction vehicle, or to the wheel (9). Alternatively, in case the higher transmission ratio is required, it can be connected to another gears (10), where the output shaft of the gears (10) is connected to the wheel (9), or to the axle (8) of the traction vehicle directly or by using the coupling (12). The drive unit can be equipped with brake (13).

Abstract: A photovoltaic device is provided that includes a substrate, a first transparent conductive layer positioned on the substrate, a plurality of transparent conductive rods positioned on the first transparent conductive layer and having a growth direction, the growth direction extending in a direction away from the substrate, a photovoltaically active layer covering the plurality of transparent conductive rods rods and a conductive layer positioned on the photovoltaically active layer.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell (10) is fabricated by depositing a first transparent conductive layer (12) onto a substrate carrier (11). Portions of the first transparent conductive layer (12) are selectively removed to form a plurality of discrete transparent conductive protruding regions (13) or a plurality of discrete indentations (27) in the first transparent conductive layer (12). A silicon layer (14) comprising a charge separating junction is deposited onto the plurality of discrete protruding regions (13) or onto the plurality of discrete indentations (27) by chemical vapour deposition. A second transparent conductive layer (15) is deposited on the silicon layer (14) by chemical vapour deposition.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device is provided that includes a substrate, a first transparent conductive layer positioned on the substrate, a plurality of transparent conductive rods positioned on the first transparent conductive layer and having a growth direction, the growth direction extending in a direction away from the substrate, a photovoltaically active layer covering the plurality of transparent conductive rods rods and a conductive layer positioned on the photovoltaically active layer.