Abstract: A system and method for producing a seamless pipe from a hollow billet with a smaller diameter than the seamless pipe, uses a pressure container configured to house the hollow billet. The hollow billet is surrounded by a fluid. A movable punch arranged to fit inside the hollow billet, wherein a hydraulic pressure is transferred from the fluid to the movable punch and to the hollow billet simultaneously, along at least a partial length of the hollow billet. A die opening is arranged serial to the pressure container, wherein the die opening is configured to house a fixed mandrel, the fixed mandrel having a diameter larger than an inner diameter of the hollow billet, so that a gap is formed between the die opening and the fixed mandrel, and the hydraulic pressure of the fluid is generated by an input force from an input punch to move the hollow billet towards the die opening and force the hollow billet material into the gap between the die opening and the fixed mandrel.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing apparatus to build a three-dimensional metal object using a semi-solid filament extrusion method is disclosed. A frame comprises a carriage capable of moving in Y-axis and Z-axis direction. The frame further comprises an extruder head, which is attached to a support section of the carriage is configured to move in X-axis direction to continuously print a filament in a layer by layer fashion using a thixo-extrusion process on a print bed in a pre-defined three-dimensional path. The filament is a treated metal alloy fed into the extruder head via a feeder mechanism and heated to a semi-solid state to allow the controlled flow of the slurry via a nozzle section to build the three-dimensional extruded object with the predetermined microstructure. The metal alloy is pre-processed using a heat treatment and a mechanical deformation technique to enhance the properties of the filament used in the semi-solid extrusion process.

Abstract: In the proposed hydro ironing method, through an innovative arrangement of loads and using a novel configuration for the die components, the thickness reduction in one stage of ironing is almost equal to twice the common approaches.

Abstract: The embodiments herein provide a hydrostatic backward extrusion system that utilizes hydrostatic pressure to produce products with desired cross sectional profile based on backward extrusion process. The system comprises a container, a plunger, fixed-punch, and a billet chamber. The billet material is placed inside the billet chamber. The empty space between the billet chamber and the billet material is filled with a high pressure fluid. Sealing is done at appropriate places to prevent leakage of fluid during the extrusion process. The plunger is moved down to create pressure on the fluid. Due to hydrostatic pressure, the billet material flows into the annular space between the container and the fix-punch. The design of head profile, inner and outer radius of fix-punch allows the billet material to flow smoothly into the annular and forms an extruded product.

Abstract: In the proposed hydro ironing method, through an innovative arrangement of loads and using a novel configuration for the die components, the thickness reduction in one stage of ironing is almost equal to twice the common approaches.

Abstract: A system and method for producing a seamless pipe from a hollow billet with a smaller diameter than the seamless pipe, uses a pressure container configured to house the hollow billet. The hollow billet is surrounded by a fluid. A movable punch arranged to fit inside the hollow billet, wherein a hydraulic pressure is transferred from the fluid to the movable punch and to the hollow billet simultaneously, along at least a partial length of the hollow billet. A die opening is arranged serial to the pressure container, wherein the die opening is configured to house a fixed mandrel, the fixed mandrel having a diameter larger than an inner diameter of the hollow billet, so that a gap is formed between the die opening and the fixed mandrel, and the hydraulic pressure of the fluid is generated by an input force from an input punch to move the hollow billet towards the die opening and force the hollow billet material into the gap between the die opening and the fixed mandrel.

Abstract: The embodiments herein provide a hydrostatic backward extrusion system that utilizes hydrostatic pressure to produce products with desired cross sectional profile based on backward extrusion process. The system comprises a container, a plunger, fixed-punch, and a billet chamber. The billet material is placed inside the billet chamber. The empty space between the billet chamber and the billet material is filled with a high pressure fluid. Sealing is done at appropriate places to prevent leakage of fluid during the extrusion process. The plunger is moved down to create pressure on the fluid. Due to hydrostatic pressure, the billet material flows into the annular space between the container and the fix-punch. The design of head profile, inner and outer radius of fix-punch allows the billet material to flow smoothly into the annular and forms an extruded product.

Abstract: The embodiments herein provide an organic fertilizer based on aquatic extraction of Camellia sinensis with sodium sorbate as preservative. The organic, herbal fertilizer also acts as pesticide against the pest arthropodic species. The application of herbal fertilizer composition is environmental friendly. Further the fertilizer is applied in soil and hydrophonic systems. The fertilizer is absorbed by plant roots. The fertilizer induces systemic resistance to destructive pests for example spider mites and whiteflies. The organic fertilizer is synthesized by aquatic extraction method. The method comprises boiling 6 gram Camellia sinensis leaves in 1 liter water for 95° C. for 15 minutes, obtaining the extract, filtering the extract for removing Camellia sinensis leaves, and adding sodium sorbate at a concentration of 0.01 gram/liter as a preservative to the extract to obtain a bio-fertilizer.