Abstract: In various embodiments, a pigment composition is provided comprising a base particle and a dispersing agent, the dispersing agent comprising a salt and/or ester of: (i) an amine, alcohol, and/or alkanol amine to the polyprotic acid is greater than 3:1. In various embodiments, the pigments have improved stability, hiding power, tint strength, and/or gloss.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a pigment composition is provided comprising a base particle and a dispersing agent, the dispersing agent comprising a salt and/or ester of: (i) an amine, alcohol, and/or alkanol amine and (ii) a polyprotic acid, wherein the mole ratio of the amine, alcohol, and/or alkanol amine to the polyprotic acid is greater than 3:1. In various embodiments, the pigments have improved stability, hiding power, tint strength, and/or gloss.

Abstract: Service and billing databases can be synchronized by accessing first data of a selected type in the billing database including billing data associated with network services provided to subscribers of the network to provide billing data that includes selected billing data of the selected type. Second data of the selected type is accessed in the service database including service data associated with maintaining the services to the subscriber to provide selected service data of the selected type. The service database is modified to include selected billing data that is present in the selected billing data and absent from the selected service data. The service database is modified to remove selected service data that is absent from the selected billing data.