Abstract: The invention provides immunomodulatory compounds and methods for immunomodulation of individuals using the immunomodulatory compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides immunomodulatory compounds and methods for immunomodulation of individuals using the immunomodulatory compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides immunomodulatory compounds and methods for immunomodulation of individuals using the immunomodulatory compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides immunomodulatory compounds and methods for immunomodulation of individuals using the immunomodulatory compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides new compositions and methods for immunomodulation of individuals. Immunomodulation is accomplished by administration of immunomodulatory polynucleotide/microcarrier (IMO/MC) complexes comprising 3-6 mer immunomodulatory oligonucleotides. The IMO/MC complexes may be covalently or non-covalently bound. Also provided are immunomodulatory compositions comprising a 3-6 mer IMO encapsulated in an MC.

Abstract: The invention provides new compositions and methods for immunomodulation of individuals. Immunomodulation is accomplished by administration of immunomodulatory polynucleotide/microcarrier (IMP/MC) complexes. The IMP/MC complexes may be covalently or non-covalently bound, and feature a polynucleotide comprising at least one immunostimulatory sequence bound to a nonbiodegradable microcarrier or nanocarrier.

Abstract: The invention provides immunomodulatory polynucleotides and methods for immunomodulation of individuals using the immunomodulatory polynucleotides.

Abstract: The invention provides new compositions and methods for immunomodulation of individuals. Immunomodulation is accomplished by administration of immunomodulatory polynucleotide/microcarrier (IMP/MC) complexes. The IMP/MC complexes may be covalently or non-covalently bound, and feature a polynucleotide comprising at least one immunostimulatory sequence bound to a biodegradable microcarrier or noncarrier.

Abstract: A method of purifying a hydrophobically substituted polynucleotide by reverse phase HPLC is described. The hydrophobic substituent may be removed from the polynucleotide under non-acidic conditions; the purification method is thus especially useful for acid sensitive polynucleotide analogs.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of synthesizing oligonucleotide N3'.fwdarw.P5' phosphoramidates using an amine-exchange reaction of phosphoramidites in which a -deprotected 3'-amino group of a solid phase supported oligonucleotide chain is exhanged for the amino portion of a 5'-phosphoramidite of an incoming monomer which has a protected 3'-amino group. The resulting internucleotide phosphoramidite linkage is then oxidized to form a stable protected phosphoramidate linkage. The method of the invention greatly improves product yields and reduces reagent usage over currently available methods for synthesizing the above class of compound.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of synthesizing oligonucleotide N3'.fwdarw.P5' phosphoramidates using an amine-exchange reaction of phosphoramidites in which a deprotected 3'-amino group of a solid phase supported oligonucleotide chain is exhanged for the amino portion of a 5'-phosphoramidite of an incoming monomer which has a protected 3'-amino group. The resulting internucleotide phosphoramidite linkage is then oxidized to form a stable protected phosphoramidate linkage. The method of the invention greatly improves product yields and reduces reagent usage over currently available methods for synthesizing the above class of compound.

Abstract: Fluorescent and/or chromogenic reagents in which a phthalocyanine derivative is monomerically conjugated with an antigen, antibody, oligonucleotide, or nucleic acid. Methods are presented in in which greater than 90% of the phthalocyanine dyes are monomeric when conjugated. This greatly enhances their performance as detectable markers in immunoassays, nucleic acid probe assays, immunoblotting, hybridization assays, microscopy, imaging, flow cytometry, DNA sequencing, and photodynamic therapy. For use as fluorophores, the free base phthalocyanine may or may not be metallated. Metals for fluorescent phthalocyanine include aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, gallium, germanium, cadmium, scandium, magnesium, tin, and zinc. For use as chromogens, the phthalocyanine may or may not be metallated. For use in aqueous solution, the phthalocyanine macrocycle should be derivatized with water-solubilizing substituents such as sulfonic acid, phosphate, phosphonate, hydroxy, phenoxy, amino, ammonium, or pyridinium groups.

Abstract: Red-shifted, water-soluble, fluorescent, monomerically-tetherable derivatives having the formula: ##STR1##wherein, M represents either H.sub.2 or is selected from among the following metals: aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, gallium, germanium, cadmium, scandium, magnesium, tin, and zinc. Each R.sub.1 is independently selected from --XYW, --YW, and --W. X represents either a carbon, or heteroatom selected from among oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, and selenium; Y represents a linking group; and W represents a water solubilizing group. The substituent R.sub.2 is selected from among --A, --Y'A, --XA, and --XY'A, where A denotes a biological entity such as an antibody, antibody fragment, nucleotide, nucleic acid probe, antigen, oligonucleotide, deoxynucleotide, dideoxynucleotide, avidin, streptavidin or membrane probe, or R.sub.2 is a reactive or activatable group suitable for conjugating to a biological entity.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing sulfurized oligonucleotide analogs, such as phosphorothioate and phosphorodithioate analogs, is provided that employs a thiophosphorus compound, such as a thiophosphoric, dithiophosphoric, thiophosphinic, or dithiophosphinic acid disulfide or polysulfide, as a sulfurizing agent. The method of the invention may be used to sulfurize any phosphorous(III)-containing intermediate. Preferably, the method is practiced on a commercial DNA synthesizer using phosphoramidite and/or phosphorthioamidite intermediates.

Abstract: Red-shifted, water-soluble, fluorescent, monomerically-tetherable derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## wherein, M represents either H.sub.2 or is selected from among the following metals: aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, gallium, germanium, cadmium, scandium, magnesium, tin, and zinc. Each R.sub.1 is independently selected from --XYW, --YW, and --W. X represents either a carbon, or heteroatom selected from among oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, and selenium; Y represents a linking group; and W represents a water solubilizing group. The substituent R.sub.2 is selected from among --A, --Y'A, --XA, and --XY'A, where A denotes a biological entity such as an antibody, antibody fragment, nucleotide, nucleic acid probe, antigen, oligonucleotide, deoxynucleotide, dideoxynucleotide, avidin, streptavidin or membrane probe, or R.sub.2 is a reactive or activatable group suitable for conjugating to a biological entity.