Abstract: According to an aspect, there is an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to receive, from a serving access node, a downlink radio resource control message comprising reference time information for a clock provided by the serving access node and traceability information for enabling traceability of the clock to a reference time standard. The traceability information comprises at least information on a clock class indicative of a current status of the clock provided by the serving access node.

Abstract: A base station includes a receiver configured to receive, from a user equipment, a request to establish a service to the base station. The base station also includes a processor configured to determine, in response to receiving the request, whether the request is serviceable within a default time interval. The base station further includes a transmitter configured to transmit an acknowledgment comprising information indicating an extended time interval in response to the base station determining that the extended time interval is needed to successfully complete the request. The user equipment includes a receiver configured to receive the acknowledgment from the base station. The user equipment also includes a timer configured to start and run for a default time in response to transmission of the request. The timer is modified in response to receiving the information indicating the extended time interval.

Abstract: In accordance with the example embodiments of the invention there is at least a method an apparatus to perform determining signaling comprising at least one wake-up signal to indicate an occurrence or a non-occurrence of a paging request associated with a next paging occasion of a network device; and sending the signaling comprising the at least one wake-up signal toward a network device in a communication network, wherein the at least one wake-up signal is to cause the network device to determine whether to leave at the next paging occasion an energy saving sleep mode to receive the paging request. Further, there is performing receiving by a network device in a communication network at least one wake-up signal to indicate an occurrence or a non-occurrence of a paging request, wherein the at least one wake-up signal is for use by the network device to determine whether to leave at its next paging occasion an energy saving sleep mode to receive the paging request.

Abstract: In accordance with the example embodiments of the invention there is at least a method an apparatus to perform determining signaling comprising at least one wake-up signal to indicate an occurrence or a non-occurrence of a paging request associated with a next paging occasion of a network device; and sending the signaling comprising the at least one wake-up signal toward a network device in a communication network, wherein the at least one wake-up signal is to cause the network device to determine whether to leave at the next paging occasion an energy saving sleep mode to receive the paging request. Further, there is performing receiving by a network device in a communication network at least one wake-up signal to indicate an occurrence or a non-occurrence of a paging request, wherein the at least one wake-up signal is for use by the network device to determine whether to leave at its next paging occasion an energy saving sleep mode to receive the paging request.

Abstract: A base station includes a receiver configured to receive, from a user equipment, a request to establish a service to the base station. The base station also includes a processor configured to determine, in response to receiving the request, whether the request is serviceable within a default time interval. The base station further includes a transmitter configured to transmit an acknowledgment comprising information indicating an extended time interval in response to the base station determining that the extended time interval is needed to successfully complete the request. The user equipment includes a receiver configured to receive the acknowledgment from the base station. The user equipment also includes a timer configured to start and run for a default time in response to transmission of the request. The timer is modified in response to receiving the information indicating the extended time interval.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to perform determining signaling including at least one wake-up signal to indicate an occurrence or a non-occurrence of a paging request associated with a next paging occasion of a network device; and sending the signaling including the at least one wake-up signal toward a network device in a communication network, wherein the at least one wake-up signal is to cause the network device to determine whether to leave at the next paging occasion an energy saving sleep mode to receive the paging request. Further, there is performing receiving by a network device in a communication network at least one wake-up signal to indicate an occurrence or a non-occurrence of a paging request, wherein the at least one wake-up signal is for use by the network device to determine whether to leave at its next paging occasion an energy saving sleep mode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to perform determining signaling including at least one wake-up signal to indicate an occurrence or a non-occurrence of a paging request associated with a next paging occasion of a network device; and sending the signaling including the at least one wake-up signal toward a network device in a communication network, wherein the at least one wake-up signal is to cause the network device to determine whether to leave at the next paging occasion an energy saving sleep mode to receive the paging request. Further, there is performing receiving by a network device in a communication network at least one wake-up signal to indicate an occurrence or a non-occurrence of a paging request, wherein the at least one wake-up signal is for use by the network device to determine whether to leave at its next paging occasion an energy saving sleep mode.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus transmit a persistent resource allocation in accordance with a periodicity to a user equipment, determines at least one resource-shift of a resource of the persistent resource allocation, transmits an indication of the at least one resource-shift to the user equipment; and transmits or receives data to or from the user equipment in accordance with the resource-shifted persistent resource allocation. In another example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus receives a persistent resource allocation in accordance with a periodicity from a network node, receives an indication of at least one resource-shift of a resource of the persistent resource allocation, adapts at least one resource of the persistent resource allocation in accordance with the at least resource-shift, and transmits or receives data to or from a network node in accordance with the adapted persistent resource allocation.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising modulating a carrier signal based on a group of input bits comprising n input bits with n=1, 2, 3, . . . out of 2n possible groups of input bits, such that, for each of the 2n possible groups of input bits, a respective sequence of N symbols is generated, wherein N is predefined, each symbol has a same duration T, a bandwidth of the respective sequence of the N symbols is k/(N*T) with k being a real value and 0<k<N.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising modulating a carrier signal based on a group of input bits comprising n input bits with n=1, 2, 3, . . . out of 2n possible groups of input bits, such that, for each of the 2n possible groups of input bits, a respective sequence of N symbols is generated, wherein N is predefined, each symbol has a same duration T, a bandwidth of the respective sequence of the N symbols is k/(N*T) with k being a real value and 0<k<N.

Abstract: A method and a device for processing data blocks are provided, wherein each resource unit includes at least two portions of user data, wherein each portion of user data is associated with a user; and wherein subsequent resource units include different combinations of portions of user data. Furthermore, a communication system is provided comprising such a device.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, a computer program product, and other embodiments are provided, which involve receiving a signal on a communications channel, correlating the received signal and a reference signal, and determining, on the basis of a result of the correlation, whether the reference signal can be employed on the communications channel. Additional aspects may provide improvements so that a simultaneous use of reference signals on the same communications channel may be detected. Further aspects may enable the performance of channel estimations on the basis of reference signals to be kept high even in networks where the distance between neighboring base stations employing the same reference signal is short and/or if the number of available reference signals is limited.

Abstract: There is provided a method, an apparatus, and a computer program for acquiring, in a radio communication network infrastructure, a message from a terminal device indicating communication quality below a determined threshold in a radio connection between the radio communication network infrastructure and the terminal device; detecting presence of an intentional radio interference source, wherein the detection is based on at least one measurement report received from the terminal device; and upon a result of said detection of the intentional radio interference source, causing transmission of a notification message to a determined target entity.

Abstract: An approach is provided for allocating bandwidth among a plurality of bandwidths for providing communication over a radio network. The radio network utilizes a plurality of cells. Different values of center carrier frequencies are assigned corresponding to the cells, wherein the different values are set to vary frequency reuse over the allocated bandwidth.

Abstract: A method is provided, including receiving a signal on a communications channel, correlating the received signal and a reference signal and determining, on the basis of a result of the correlation, whether the reference signal can be employed on the communications channel.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for testing a mobile station's capability of processing at least two channels in a resource unit is provided, wherein a base station provides a test message to the mobile station; wherein the mobile station's capability of processing the at least two channels is determined based upon the mobile station's feedback. Further, a communication system comprising such a device is suggested.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method may include providing a plurality of data streams in respective subchannels and modulating a first data stream of the plurality of data streams at least partially with a different modulation constellation than a second data stream of the plurality of data streams. The method may also include transmitting the first and second data streams using a same radio resource to user terminals using different subchannels of the radio resource.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for testing a mobile station's capability of processing at least two channels in a resource unit is provided, wherein a base station provides a test message to the mobile station; wherein the mobile station's capability of processing the at least two channels is determined based upon the mobile station's feedback. Further, a communication system comprising such a device is suggested.

Abstract: A method and a device for processing data blocks are provided, wherein each resource unit includes at least two portions of user data, wherein each portion of user data is associated with a user; and wherein subsequent resource units include different combinations of portions of user data. Furthermore, a communication system is provided comprising such a device.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method may include providing a plurality of data streams in respective subchannels and modulating a first data stream of the plurality of data streams at least partially with a different modulation constellation than a second data stream of the plurality of data streams. The method may also include transmitting the first and second data streams using a same radio resource to user terminals using different subchannels of the radio resource.