Abstract: Compositions comprising as components A) at least one bisazo compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the general formula Ia  and of the general formula Ib  where R1 is C1-C8-alkyl, R2 is C2-C8-alkyl, R3 and R3′ are each C2-C21-alkyl in which up to four CH2 groups of the carbon chain may be replaced by oxygen in ether function, R4 is hydrogen or is R3 (independently of R3), R4′ is hydrogen or is R3′ (independently of R3′), B) at least one solvent in which said component A) is soluble, and optionally C) at least one surface-active substance, are useful as dye penetrants for detecting surface cracks or other defects in workpieces to be tested in this respect.

Abstract: Phthalocyanines of the formula where Me is twice hydrogen, twice lithium, magnesium, zinc, copper, nickel, VO, TiO, AlCl, AlOH, AlOCOCH3, AlOCOCF3, SiCl2 or Si(OH)2, at least four of the radicals R1 to R16 are each independently of the others a five- or six-membered saturated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic radical which is bonded to the phthalocyanine structure via a ring nitrogen atom and which can additionally contain further hetero atoms, and any remaining radicals R1 to R16 are each hydrogen, halogen, hydroxysulfonyl or C1-C4-dialkylsulfamoyl, subject to the proviso that tetrakispiperidinylphthalocyanine shall be excluded, and heterocyclyl-substituted phthalocyanines are useful for marking liquids, in particular mineral oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of marking liquids using at least two markers, wherein said markers absorb in the 600-1200 nm region of the spectrum and reemit fluorescent light and the absorption range of at least one marker overlaps with the absorption range of at least one other marker. The present invention further relates to a method for detecting markers in liquids marked by the method of the invention, which comprises using light sources which emit radiation in the absorption ranges of said markers and detecting the fluorescent light reemitted by said markers, at least one of said light sources emitting radiation in the overlapping absorption range of at least one marker with that of at least one other marker and the number of light sources being less than or equal to the number of markers. The present invention further relates to liquids marked by the method of the invention.

Abstract: Use of compounds from the class of the phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, nickel dithiolene complexes, aminium compounds of aromatic amines, methine dyes or azulenesquaric acid dyes which have their absorption maximum in the range from 600 to 1,200 nm and/or a fluorescence maximum in the range from 620 to 1,200 nm, as markers for liquids, a process for detecting markers in liquids, and a detector suitable for this purpose.

Abstract: Use of aminotriarylmethanes of the formula ##STR1## where the ring A may be benzofused, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 -alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are together with the nitrogen atom joining them together a heterocyclic radical, or else R.sup.1 is hydrogen,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl or else R.sup.3 is hydrogen, andX.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 -alkyl or a radical of the formula NR.sup.1 R.sup.2, or else one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is hydrogen,for marking hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons comprising the abovementioned aminotriarylmethanes, a method for detecting the aminotriarylmethanes in hydrocarbons, and novel aminotriarylmethanes.

Abstract: Aqueous dye preparations useful for producing inks for the inkjet process or writing inks or for producing aqueous alcoholic coating or printing colors comprise, based on the weight of the preparation, from 0.1 to 15% by weight of a dye quantity comprising from 90 to 100% by weight of the dye of the formula I ##STR1## where Kat.sup..sym. is the equivalent of a metal or ammonium ion, from 1 to 40% by weight of carbon black and from 0.1 to 15% by weight of polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: Azo dyes of the formula ##STR1## where the ring A may be benzofused,n is 0 or 1, and R.sup.1 -R.sup.8 are as defined,as pH-dependent markers for hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons containing the above-mentioned azo dyes, and a method for detecting these azo dyes in hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Ballpoint pen pastes comprising at least one phthalocyanine pigment and customary ballpoint pen paste resin and organic solvent as essential components and also, if desired, further customary additives, and the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Use of compounds from the class of the phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, nickel dithiolene complexes, aminium compounds of aromatic amines, methine dyes or azulenesquaric acid dyes which have their absorption maximum in the range from 600 to 1,200 nm and/or a fluorescence maximum in the range from 620 to 1,200 nm, as markers for liquids, a process for detecting markers in liquids, and a detector suitable for this purpose.

Abstract: Dye preparations comprising one or more dyes with no water-solubilizing groups in the molecule from the class of the metal complex azo dyes or the metal phthalocyanines and reaction products between from 1 to 50 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of castor oil are useful for coloring granular or pulverulent substrates and for preparing aqueous dye preparations useful in printing inks.

Abstract: Electrostatic toners contain a polymeric binder and, as a charge stabilizer, a compound of the formula ##STR1## where M.sup..sym. is one equivalent of a cation andR is unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl.