Abstract: A three way lighting unit is provided for insertion in a lighting socket. The unit includes first and second lamps for selectively providing either wider area illumination of a first intensity and/or narrower area illumination of a second intensity. The first intensity is a lower intensity and the second intensity is a higher intensity in response to a concurrent energizing of the first and second lamps by a three-way switch.

Abstract: A halogen lamp includes a mains base and a converter operably connected to the mains base. The converter has a lamp socket, a toroid transformer, and a heat sink disposed within a center opening of the toroid transformer. A lamp is removably disposed in the lamp socket. The converter has a power density between 0.75 and 3.75 Watts/cm3. In an alternate embodiment, the halogen lamp includes a low voltage, low pressure IRC lamp operably connected to the converter.

Abstract: A halogen lamp (28) includes a mains base (34); a converter (32) operably connected to the mains base (34), the converter (32) having a lamp socket (38); and a lamp (36) removably disposed in the lamp socket (38); wherein the converter (32) has a power density between 0.75 and 3.75 Watts/cm3. In an alternate embodiment, the halogen lamp (28) includes a mains base (34), a converter (32) operably connected to the mains base (34), and a low voltage, low pressure IRC lamp (36) operably connected to the converter (32).

Abstract: A two-phase thermodynamic power system includes a capillary device, vapor accumulator, superheater, an inline turbine, a condenser, a liquid pump and a liquid preheater for generating output power as a generator. The capillary device, such as a loop heat pipe or a capillary pumped loop, is coupled to a vapor accumulator, superheater, the inline turbine for generating output power for power generation, liquid pump and liquid preheater. The capillary device receives input heat that is used to change phase of liquid received from the liquid preheater, liquid pump and condenser into vapor for extra heating in the superheater used to then drive the turbine. The power system is well suited for space applications using a radioisotope, active nuclear or solar heat source. The system can use waste heat from various dynamic or static power systems as a heat source and waste heat from spacecraft components such as electronics as a heat source. These heat sources can be used separately or in any combination.

Abstract: A hard-glass halogen gas-filled incandescent capsule with a single-end or a double-end has a tungsten filament with a primary coil extending from the barrel into the legs, and a secondary coil forming the barrel. One of the legs of the tungsten filament of the single-ended capsule extends into a pinch or press seal of the glass envelope to result in passive extinction of the electric arc at end-of-life. The end of the filament leg near the press seal may be connected to and/or supported by a molybdenum lead wire of the capsule that is within the pinch or the press seal via a clamp formed on the molybdenum lead wire. The passive extinction occurs when the electric arc is conducted through the filament extending into the press seal. Reliable extinction of the arc within the capsule is achieved with simplicity in construction and minimal materials. The primary coil is preferably stretched out to assume the diameter of the tungsten wire where it is embedded in a pinch seal.