Abstract: A process of producing a structure for molecular separations includes providing a plurality of template materials. The template materials are selected from biomolecules, biopolymers, polymers, or combinations thereof. A sieve material, suitable for producing a structure for molecular separations, is provided around the template materials. The template materials are positioned in an arrangement for leaving pores suitable for molecular separations. The template materials are removed to leave pores in the sieve material and produce the structure suitable for molecular separations.

Abstract: A process of producing a structure for molecular separations includes providing a plurality of biopolymers. The biopolymers are selected from DNAs, RNAs, nucleic acid loops, nucleic acid hairpins, nucleic acid dumbbells, alkylated phosphonates, non-standard nucleobases, or combinations thereof. A sieve material, suitable for producing a structure for molecular separations, is provided around the biopolymers. The biopolymers are positioned in an arrangement for leaving pores suitable for molecular separations. The biopolymers are removed to leave pores in the sieve material and produce the structure suitable for molecular separations.

Abstract: A process of producing a structure for molecular separations includes providing a plurality of template materials. The template materials are selected from biomolecules, biopolymers, polymers, or combinations thereof. A sieve material, suitable for producing a structure for molecular separations, is provided around the template materials. The template materials are positioned in an arrangement for leaving pores suitable for molecular separations. The template materials are removed to leave pores in the sieve material and produce the structure suitable for molecular separations. The structure so produced can be used for molecular separation. In some embodiments, methods for molecular separation include situating in a feed stream an array of pores each approximating a double-stranded DNA molecule; flowing the feed stream into the pores; and allowing the pores to transport therethrough molecules within the feed stream, so as to separate the molecules from the feed stream.

Abstract: A process of producing a structure for molecular separations includes providing a plurality of template materials. The template materials are selected from biomolecules, biopolymers, polymers, or combinations thereof. A sieve material, suitable for producing a structure for molecular separations, is provided around the template materials. The template materials are positioned in an arrangement for leaving pores suitable for molecular separations. The template materials are removed to leave pores in the sieve material and produce the structure suitable for molecular separations.

Abstract: A process of producing a structure for molecular separations includes providing a plurality of template materials. The template materials are selected from biomolecules, biopolymers, polymers, or combinations thereof. A sieve material, suitable for producing a structure for molecular separations, is provided around the template materials. The template materials are positioned in an arrangement for leaving pores suitable for molecular separations. The template materials are removed to leave pores in the sieve material and produce the structure suitable for molecular separations.

Abstract: An antifungal composition includes a borate fungicide and an ion-exchange type antimicrobial agent with two or more different metal ions. For example, the ion-exchange type antimicrobial agent may be a zeolite and the metal ions may be magnesium ions and manganese ions. The combination of the metal ions and the borate provide a synergistic effect in fungal resistance.

Abstract: A process of producing a structure for molecular separations includes providing a plurality of biopolymers. The biopolymers are selected from DNAs, RNAs, nucleic acid loops, nucleic acid hairpins, nucleic acid dumbbells, alkylated phosphonates, non-standard nucleobases, or combinations thereof. A sieve material, suitable for producing a structure for molecular separations, is provided around the biopolymers. The biopolymers are positioned in an arrangement for leaving pores suitable for molecular separations. The biopolymers are removed to leave pores in the sieve material and produce the structure suitable for molecular separations.