Abstract: Establishing or reestablishing media streams for handover of calls in a communication network where the server in the network can be addressed by the client from the access points of the network and for establishing a direct media path between endpoints in different network segments, which are interconnected by servers integrated with gateways.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to establishing or reestablishing media streams for interception and decryption of media traffic in a service using fingerprint to protected against man in the middle attacks.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to establishing or reestablishing media streams for interception and decryption of media traffic in a service using fingerprint to protected against man in the middle attacks.

Abstract: A telecommunication device for real-time communication at a border between a global transport network and a private domain of a communication network may include a proxy for a communication protocol, means for traffic using real-time communication protocols to traverse a firewall, means for real-time traffic initiated by the communication protocol to traverse a firewall, means for measuring and collecting value information about the real-time traffic over the global transport network, means for creating mutual trust between the telecommunication device and a second device with which it communicates; and means for authorizing usage of a feature for a mutually trusted communication participant.

Abstract: A media path is established or reestablished between real time communication endpoints with one or more network interfaces (194) of different types connected to network access points (140) at different types of network segments (104, 106, 108) to implement handover of calls by collecting, by an RTC device (200), addresses (120) to a server (210) from access points (140) at the network segments (104, 106 and 108). Messages (164) are sent repeatedly by the RTC device (200) to an address (120) of the server (210) and, if not receiving a response, then other collected addresses (120) are tried until a response is received and signaling connectivity is recovered. After recovering signaling between the RTC device (200) and the server (210), a connection identity is presented to the server (210) for recovering the specific connection, after which a media path can be reestablished if needed.

Abstract: A telecommunication device for real-time communication at a border between a global transport network and a local area network may allow traffic using real-time communication protocols to traverse a firewall, classified real-time traffic over best effort traffic for prioritization over the global transport network, measure and collection information about an application, its usage and prioritization used over the global transport network, create call detail records that can be used by a service provider for billing purposes; and deliver the call detail records to the service provider.

Abstract: A specific address of a server in a data communication network is found when using anycast addressing defined for available servers that provide a predetermined service by providing a first server having a memory and a processor coupled to the memory, sending a request from a client to use the first server for the predetermined service by the anycast address of the service, receiving the request at the first server and detecting that the request was addressed using an anycast address, and sending a response to the client, instructing the client to use an alternative server and providing a specific address of the alternative server to the client, instead of providing the requested predetermined service by the first server in response to the request.

Abstract: A telecommunication device for real-time communication at a border between a global transport network and a private domain of a communication network may include a proxy for a communication protocol, means for traffic using real-time communication protocols to traverse a firewall, means for real-time traffic initiated by the communication protocol to traverse a firewall, means for measuring and collecting value information about the real-time traffic over the global transport network, means for creating mutual trust between the telecommunication device and a second device with which it communicates; and means for authorizing usage of a feature for a mutually trusted communication participant.

Abstract: A telecommunication device for real-time communication at a border between a global transport network and a local area network may allow traffic using real-time communication protocols to traverse a firewall, classified real-time traffic over best effort traffic for prioritization over the global transport network, measure and collection information about an application, its usage and prioritization used over the global transport network, create call detail records that can be used by a service provider for billing purposes; and deliver the call detail records to the service provider.

Abstract: A system for IP telephony that utilizes distributed gateways instead of centralized gateways for communication between IP Telephones on a Packet Based Digital Network (PBDN) and Telephones on a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The system is based on the use of IP Telephone apparatuses (“Gateway Telephones”) wherein each is connected both to the PBDN and a PSTN and includes a built-in gateway between the two network connections. The gateway capacity of the system thus increases automatically with the number of Gateway Telephones. Gateway Location Servers facilitate the selection of a Gateway Telephone to serve as a gateway for a specific telephone call.

Abstract: A PCMCIA smart card reader with no protruding portion, with a stable mechanical design, allowing space for additional functions to be included in the PCMCIA card and that eases the insertion of a smart card. A thin support is formed between a thin upper section and a lower section of the PCMCIA smart card reader at an opening forming a smart card slot. The support is outside the smart card slot, but positioned within the PCMCIA slot and is preferably an integrated part of a PCMCIA card top cover. Since the support guides the smart card laterally at the opening of the smart card slot, only a small portion of the smart card has to be inserted into the PCMCIA card. The limited insertion of the smart card and the location, of contacts for interfacing with the smart card in the thin upper section of the smart card reader, creates space for other functions to be included in the PCMCIA card, for example, a modem. The smart card insertion is eased by a removable extension supporting.

Abstract: A detector for On-Hook/Off-Hook state of a telephone line includes a capacitor connected to the telephone line in series with a resistance large enough to be allowed as load on an On-Hook telephone line. A low impedance voltage sensing means in series with a normally open switch is connected across the capacitor, and the switch is closed in response to a polling signal to determine if the line is in On-Hook state. The capacitor transforms a very low charging current lasting seconds into a large discharge current lasting only milliseconds. This makes it possible to use an inexpensive low impedance voltage sensing device, such as an opto-coupler in series with a zener diode. Such components provide high-voltage galvanic insulation at low cost, and a very compact apparatus can be made. The invention also provides for inexpensive ring detector circuits and for overload protection for the equipment connected to the telephone line.

Abstract: A bass reflex speaker system with a ducted port which can be made without coloration in the mid frequency band of the speaker caused by standing wave resonances in the duct. The system includes one or more openings in the wall of the duct between the ends of the duct, and covering the openings with a deflectable membrane, such as a film of latex-like material, or a rigid membrane with a flexible surround. The additional openings prevent pressure build-up at a quarter wavelength location of undesirable standing waves, and thereby cancels the standing waves, but they do not affect the operation of the duct at the Helmholtz frequency of the bass reflex system.

Abstract: A line state detector for a telephone line tests a voltage derived from the telephone line by closing a switch in series with a voltage sensing circuit in response to a polling signal. A modem testing the line state go Off-Hook immediately after it finds that the line was in On-Hook state, so it can use a low impedance voltage sensor directly on the telephone line. Monitoring equipment will need a line state detector with high impedance, which can be achieved by a high impedance in series with a capacitor. The capacitor voltage can then be tested by a low impedance sensing circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the bass response characteristics of an electrodynamic loudspeaker is described. The loudspeaker normally exhibits actual mechanical parameters such as damping, compliance, and mass which normally determine the bass response and lower cut-off frequency of the loudspeaker. The method and apparatus of the present invention cause the loudspeaker to exhibit apparent mechanical parameters which differ from the actual mechanical parameters to substantially change the effect of the actual mechanical parameters on the bass response. The apparatus in a preferred embodiment includes an electrical network through which electrical energy corresponding to the sound to be reproduced is applied to the voice-coil of the loudspeaker. The electrical network has an effective output impedance including a negative impedance in series with a plurality of impedances connected in parallel.