Abstract: A system for forming an elastomeric composition for application to a substrate includes an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component. The isocyanate component includes a polymeric polyisocyanate and optionally an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer. The isocyanate-reactive component is reactive with the isocyanate component and includes a polyol component and a polyetheramine. The polyol component is a mixture of (a) a hydrophobic polyol; (b) a polyether polyol different than the hydrophobic polyol and having a weight average molecular weight greater than 500 g/mol; and (c) a polyaminopolyol. The elastomeric composition is formed as the reaction product of the isocyanate component and the isocyanate-reactive component and may be applied as an elastomeric coating layer on a substrate such as a steel pipe. The steel pipe having the applied elastomeric coating layer satisfies the standard for use in the water supply industry as set forth in AWWA C222.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyurethane-coated conduit element includes mixing a) a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic polyisocyanate with, b) at least one polymeric compound having at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate, c) at least one chain extender, d) a catalyst, and e) optionally at least one other auxiliary, additive, or both, to form a reaction mixture; applying the reaction mixture to a conduit element; and allowing the reaction mixture to react to form a polyurethane layer. The polyurethane-coating conduit element is suitable for maritime applications in the oil and gas industry, which polyurethane has improved hydrolysis stability at high temperatures and nevertheless satisfies the high mechanical demands in the oil and gas industry.

Abstract: A system for forming an elastomeric composition for application to a substrate includes an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component. The isocyanate component includes a polymeric polyisocyanate and optionally an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer. The isocyanate-reactive component is reactive with the isocyanate component and includes a polyol component and a polyetheramine. The polyol component is a mixture of (a) a hydrophobic polyol; (b) a polyether polyol different than the hydrophobic polyol and having a weight average molecular weight greater than 500 g/mol; and (c) a polyaminopolyol. The elastomeric composition is formed as the reaction product of the isocyanate component and the isocyanate-reactive component and may be applied as an elastomeric coating layer on a substrate such as a steel pipe. The steel pipe having the applied elastomeric coating layer satisfies the standard for use in the water supply industry as set forth in AWWA C222.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyurethane-coated conduit element includes mixing a) a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic polyisocyanate with, b) at least one polymeric compound having at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate, c) at least one chain extender, d) a catalyst, and e) optionally at least one other auxiliary, additive, or both, to form a reaction mixture; applying the reaction mixture to a conduit element; and allowing the reaction mixture to react to form a polyurethane layer. The polyurethane-coating conduit element is suitable for maritime applications in the oil and gas industry, which polyurethane has improved hydrolysis stability at high temperatures and nevertheless satisfies the high mechanical demands in the oil and gas industry.

Abstract: Oxidation of an alkane to an alkanone in a process stream forms aldehyde-based impurities. A method of minimizing the aldehyde-based impurities introduces an amine into the process stream to minimize the aldehyde-based impurities. The amine interacts with the alkanone and the aldehyde-based impurities thereby forming heavy products. The method separates the heavy products from the alkanones to reduce a level of the aldehyde-based impurities. The process stream preferably includes cyclohexyl ketone as the alkanone and n-hexanal as the aldehyde-based impurity. The method is typically involved in synthesis of a caprolactam.

Abstract: Oxidation of an alkane to an alkanone in a process stream forms aldehyde-based impurities. A method of minimizing the aldehyde-based impurities introduces an amine into the process stream to minimize the aldehyde-based impurities. The amine interacts with the alkanone and the aldehyde-based impurities thereby forming heavy products. The method separates the heavy products from the alkanones to reduce a level of the aldehyde-based impurities. The process stream preferably includes cyclohexyl ketone as the alkanone and n-hexanal as the aldehyde-based impurity. The method is typically involved in synthesis of a caprolactam.

Abstract: Oxidation of an alkane to an alkanone in a process stream forms aldehyde-based impurities. A method of minimizing the aldehyde-based impurities introduces an amine into the process stream to minimize the aldehyde-based impurities. The amine interacts with the alkanone and the aldehyde-based impurities thereby forming heavy products. The method separates the heavy products from the alkanones to reduce a level of the aldehyde-based impurities. The process stream preferably includes cyclohexyl ketone as the alkanone and n-hexanal as the aldehyde-based impurity. The method is typically involved in synthesis of a caprolactam.

Abstract: A method of reducing a content of a residual styrene monomer in a polyol utilizes a polyol, a peroxide, an adjustment of temperature, and an application of a vacuum to separate the residual styrene monomer from the polyol. The residual styrene monomer is classified as a volatile organic compound. The peroxide includes monoperoxycarbonates and peroxyketals. Peroxide radicals, present in the peroxide, react with and polymerize the residual styrene monomer to form a polymer having decreased volatility. Applying the vacuum physically separates the residual styrene monomer from the polyol by increasing a vapor pressure of the residual styrene monomer. Separating the residual styrene monomer from the polyol forms an improved polyol which includes less than 20 parts per million of the residual styrene monomer in the polyol.

Abstract: An elastomer composition includes the reaction product of an isocyanate component and a resin component. The resin component includes an isocyanate-reactive component, a first chain extender, and a second chain extender. The isocyanate-reactive component has an actual functionality of greater than two, and the first chain extender has an actual functionality of two. The second chain extender, which is different from the first chain extender, has a structure: In this structure, A includes at least two alkyl chain groups. Each alkyl chain group has at least three carbon atoms, and is substantially free of pendent groups. R and R? are selected from the group of hydroxyl functional groups, amino functional groups, thiol functional groups, and combinations thereof. The elastomer composition has a combination of exceptional tear strength and tensile strength. The elastomer composition is used in a support layer of a composite structure.

Abstract: Zinc coated tubes are cleaned by means of steam, and the zinc residue -- steam mixture is blown into a nozzle which is heated, and discharged into a noise attenuation chamber; the latter discharges into an expansion chamber, which in turn discharges into a filter. The mixture is diluted in the attenuation chamber by air sucked in from the outside along a tortuous path.