Abstract: A method of estimating a parameter for fitting a multi-component Taylorgram model to Taylorgram data g(t) is disclosed. The data comprises a multi-component Taylorgram peak or front at t=tr. The method comprises: evaluating a value of an integration or differential of the data; determining the parameter, based on an analytical expression that includes the value of the integral or differential of the data, the parameter corresponding with a physical property of a sample from which the Taylorgram data was obtained.

Abstract: A method of determining a relationship between a mutual diffusion co-efficient Dm and the concentration c of a solute within a solvent. The method comprises: obtaining a Taylorgram comprising a plurality of measurements of solute concentration c; and deriving from the Taylorgram a plurality of mutual diffusion coefficient values Dm corresponding with a plurality of different concentrations c of solute in the solvent.

Abstract: A method of determining a relationship between a mutual diffusion co-efficient Dm and the concentration c of a solute within a solvent. The method comprises: obtaining a Taylorgram comprising a plurality of measurements of solute concentration c; and deriving from the Taylorgram a plurality of mutual diffusion coefficient values Dm corresponding with a plurality of different concentrations c of solute in the solvent.

Abstract: A method of estimating a parameter for fitting a multi-component Taylorgram model to Taylorgram data g(t) is disclosed. The data comprises a multi-component Taylorgram peak or front at t=tr. The method comprises: evaluating a value of an integration or differential of the data; determining the parameter, based on an analytical expression that includes the value of the integral or differential of the data, the parameter corresponding with a physical property of a sample from which the Taylorgram data was obtained.

Abstract: This application refers to an industrial production process for ethyl esters (biodiesel).

Abstract: This application refers to an industrial production process for ethyl esters (biodiesel) through two separate reactions, in two steps: 1) through hydrolysis of glyceryl esters from vegetable oils at an approximate temperature of 60° C., at atmospheric pressure, splitting the glyceryl esters in free fatty acids and glycerol, and 2) esterification of the free fatty acids with hydrated ethyl alcohol. The reactions occur in two separate columns each 1.0 meter high and packed with the heterogeneous catalyst calcium and magnesium oxide (CaO.MgO) stones, each 1/15 the size of the column diameter. This process is named DUOBIO. Any vegetable oil is emulsified very finely with water at 60° C. and poured in the top of the first cylinder, which is packed with the stones as the heterogeneous catalyst. The mixture flows through the stones in the column splitting by hydrolysis the molecules of glyceryl esters and separating the fatty acids from the trialcohol (glycerol—C3H5(OH)3).

Abstract: This application refers to an industrial production process to split free fatty acids from glycerol by hydrolysis of the glyceryl esters of vegetable oils at an approximate temperature of 60° C., at atmospheric pressure, in a column packed with calcium and magnesium oxide (CaO.MgO) stones, 1/15 of the column diameter as heterogeneous catalyst. The vegetable oil is emulsionated very finely with water at 60° C. and is poured at the top of the column packed with the stones of heterogeneous catalyst. The oil flows through the catalyst stones down into the column, splitting by hydrolysis the molecules of glyceryl esters and separating the fatty acids from the trialcohol (glycerol—C3H5 (OH)3). Both products are collected at the bottom of the column and separated by density difference. The fatty acids obtained have many industrial uses mostly for the production of toilet soap.