Abstract: The invention relates an additive composition for use as a metal working fluid and a process for protection of metals, particularly zinc or aluminum, against corrosion or oxidative degradation. The composition comprises an additive mixture of an alkenyl succinic half ester, a substituted imidazoline compound and amine phosphate partial ester in a functional fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polyhydroxycarboxylamides as an extreme pressure (EP) additive, in particular for lubricants, metalworking fluids and hydraulic fluids. The invention also relates to an extreme pressure (EP) additive containing at least one amide of a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid. Preferred polyhydroxycarboxylamides are the amides of gluconic acid and of glucoheptonic acid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data between a number of control devices which are connected to each other by at least one clock-controlled loop, which is operated directionally dependent, are disclosed which cause a transmit authorization signal to be sent via the loop from control device to control device which places each control device, upon receipt thereof, in a transmit authorization status. A control device receiving the transmit authorization signal emits data signals to be transmitted via the loop, with a receiver address identifying a selected other control device intended to receive the data signals, before forwarding the transmit authorization signal to another control device. The control device which transmitted the data signal is then switched to an acknowledgement signal reception status. If the intended other control device receives the data signals correctly, it sends an acknowledgement signal to the transmitting control device.

Abstract: A data transmission system has a number of control devices connected via a transmission loop. Each control device includes signal processing circuitry which compiles data signals to be transmitted in the form of a data signal block. The signal processing circuitry is followed by a transmit buffer, which includes a write/read memory. A prepared data signal block can be accepted into this memory. A counter is connected to the memory which continuously addresses the memory for accepting a data signal block, and for emission thereof to the loop upon the appearance of a transmit authorization signal. The write/read memory is followed by a register. In addition to memory locations for accepting a data signal word, this register additionally includes memory locations for auxiliary information to be attached to the individual data signal words. The auxiliary information is derived from counter readings of the counter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data signals between two control devices connected to a loop transmission system are disclosed wherein data signals are transmitted in the form of signal blocks. In addition to the data signal, each signal block includes a receiver address having a block start identifier which precedes the data signals, and a sender address with a block end identifier following the data signals. In response to the appearance of the block start identifier and the receiver address, the signal block received by a control device is copied in the control device identified by the receiver address. The copying is undertaken for possible further processing. The signal block is then forwarded to the next control device via the loop, with the block start identifier cancelled. Before forwarding, an acknowledgement signal is attached to the sender address. The acknowledgement signal is recognized by the control device which sent the date signals.

Abstract: A data transmission system having a number of control devices connected by at least one clock-control transmission loop operated directionally dependent insures that a data signal intended for a group of control devices in the system is actually received by all of the intended control devices. The control device emitting the signal adds an entry preceding the data portion of the signal which identifies all receivers in the group and which also includes a block start identifier, and also adds a last entry to the data portion of the signal which is the address of the sending control device and a block end identifier. Each control device in the group, upon receiving the signal, copies the signal for possible processing, cancels the block end identifier in the last entry of the received signal, and adds a new last entry which is the address of the receiving control device, and acknowledgement of receipt of the signal, and a new block end identifier corresponding to the cancelled block end identifier.

Abstract: A system for transmitting data signals between control devices connected to each other by a transmission loop operated directionally dependent has a number of such control devices connected to the loop, with each control device including a signal compiler which compiles data signals to be transmitted in the form of a data signal block which includes at least one receiver address identifying another control device which is intended to receive the transmitted signal block. The signal compiler is followed by a transmit buffer which includes an intermediate storage. A prepared data signal block is accepted in the intermediate storage. A buffer control is connected to the intermediate storage. A transmit authorization signal is transmitted via the loop from control device to control device. Upon receipt of the transmit authoriztion signal by the relevant control device, the buffer control therein enables a word-by-word read-out of the data signal block stored in the intermediate storage.