Abstract: Fatty alcohol (ether) sulfates which are obtained by co-sulfating mixtures of (a) C.sub.8-22 fatty alcohols and (b) C.sub.8-22 fatty alcohol ethoxylates containing an average of 1.9 to 3.9 ethylene oxide units in a ratio by weight of 20:80 to 80:20, and then neutralizing the mixtures thus co-sulfated with aqueous bases. The substances have distinctly improved low-temperature behavior in relation to ether sulfates with comparable degrees of ethoxylation, and are useful as components of surface-active compositions.

Abstract: New toilet soaps contain: (a1) 4 to 7% by weight alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides and/or (a2) 2 to 7% by weight fatty acid N-allcylpolyhydroxyalkylamide; (b) 45 to 95% by weight soap and (c) 0 to 10% by weight anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkyl sulphates, isethionates, taurides, sarcosinates, mono- and dialkylsulfosuccinates, ether carboxylic acids, sulphotriglycerides and alkyloligoglucoside sulphates. These new soaps are characterized among others by an improved creaminess, a high foaming power, remarkable cosmetic compatibility with the skin and mechanical firmness.

Abstract: A wetting agent composition for pretreating textiles containing mixed ethers corresponding to formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a strictly linear alkyl radical containing from 8 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m is a number from 0.5 to 2 and n is a number from 6 to 9.

Abstract: Fatty alcohols of the formula IR.sup.1 OH (I)wherein R.sup.1 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms are made by an improvement in the process which comprises hydrogenating a fatty acid, a fatty acid methyl ester or a combination thereof to form a fatty alcohol. The improvement comprises removing a head fraction from the fatty acid, the fatty acid methyl ester or the fatty alcohol in such a quantity that the fatty alcohol has an iodine value of from about 20 to about 110 and less than about 4.5% by weight of conjugated compounds.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing .alpha.-branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with 12 to 48 carbon atoms. In a first step of the process (a), .alpha.-branched aliphatic monohydric alcohols (Guerbet alcohols) are converted in the presence of caustic alkali into the alkali salts of the corresponding .alpha.-branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. In a second step of the process (b), the .alpha.-branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are released from the alkali salts by soap splitting in the presence of an inert diluting agent.

Abstract: An aqueous detergent composition containing: (a) from 12 to 15% by weight of a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl oligoglycosides, alkenyl oligoglycosides, and mixtures thereof; (b) from 20 to 30% by weight of an alkyl sulfate; (c) from 40 to 60% by weight of an alkyl ether sulfate, and (d) from 12 to 15% by weight of a component selected from the group consisting of amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof, all weights being based on the solids content of the composition.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the storage stability and flow and pumping characteristics of liquid alkylglycoside preparations by adding the minimum amounts of non-alkylglycosidic active substances, so that, owing to the increase ease with which they can be handled, the preparations can be used in the manufacture of washing and cleaning agents. This has been achieved by the use of aqueous mixtures consisting essentially of: 20 to 60% by weight of an alkylglycoside of the formula R.sup.1 --O(G).sub.n, in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl group with 8 to 22 C-atoms, G is a glycose unit and n is a number between 1 and 10; 0.1 to 3% by weight of a sulphate-type or sulphonate-type anionic surfactant selected from the group comprising alkyl sulphates, ether sulphates, alkanesulphonates, .alpha.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of isopalmitic acid esters of branched aliphatic polyols containing 2 to 6 primary hydroxyl groups and 4 to 10 carbon atoms as a base oil for two-stroke engine lubricants. The isopalmitic acid esters are low in viscosity, even at low temperatures, and do not crystallize out in gasoline, even over periods of several days.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing motor base oils with an improved gasket compatibility. Also disclosed are motor oils containing carboxylic acid ester and ether as base oils.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing an aqueous zeolite suspension by adding to the suspension at least one nonionic surfactant comprising an alkyl or alkenyl glycoside of the formula R.sup.3 O--(G).sub.x in which R.sup.3 is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a glycose residue of a sugar containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and x is a number of 1 to 10. Only nonionic surfactants are added to the suspension to stabilize the suspension. The suspension may be stabilized by addition of the alkyl or alkenyl glycoside in combination with nonionic surfactant such as a Guebert alcohol polyethylene glycol ether or a fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol ether.

Abstract: Fatty mixtures containing fatty alcohols having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, wax esters and fatty ketones are solid at temperatures of up to 65.degree. C. and are particularly useful as mold release agents in the building, rubber and plastics-processing industries.

Abstract: Partially dehydrated castor oils having hydroxyl numbers in a range between 90 and 150 mg of KOH/g are useful as lubricants.

Abstract: Described are mixtures of esters of carboxylic acids branched at the 2 position and polyol mixtures comprising 60 to 99.9% by weight of branched saturated aliphatic polyols with 2 to 6 primary hydroxy groups and 4 to 10 C atoms and 0.1 to 40% by weight of unbranched saturated aliphatic diols with 2 to 12 C atoms. In spite of the branched chain, such acids can be esterified very rapidly, the resulting esters being suitable for use as lubricants.

Abstract: A process for the production of fatty ketones by pyrolysis of fatty acid magnesium salts wherein fatty acids corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 COOH (I)in which R.sup.1 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, are heated to temperatures of 320.degree. to 360.degree. C. in the presence of magnesium oxide and the fatty ketones formed are distilled off from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure.

Abstract: A mixture of C.sub.16 -C.sub.28 alkyl glucosides (A) and C.sub.16 -C.sub.28 fatty alcohols (B) in a weight ratio (A):(B) of between 20:1 and 1:9 possesses foam inhibiting properties even when highly diluted. The mixture is suitable for use in the food industry, and is preferably employed in a chemically inert liquid carrier oil that is immiscible with water.

Abstract: Fatty alcohol mixtures R.sub.mix --OH of natural and, in particular, purely vegetable origin and ethoxylates thereof showing improved low-temperature behavior and corresponding to the general formula R.sub.mix --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H, in which x is a number of 2 to 10 and R.sub.mix represents selected mixtures of saturated and olefinically unsaturated fatty alcohol hydrocarbon radicals in the C 6-20 or C 12-20 ranges correspond to specification I for the chain length range R.sub.mix --=6-20 and to specification II for the chain length range R.sub.mix --=C 12-20:______________________________________ Specification I II structurally analogous to % by weight ______________________________________ C 6 caproic acid 0.1-0.6 -- C 8 caprylic acid 2.5-10 -- C 10 capric acid 2.5-14 -- C 12 lauric acid 37-52 39-69 C 14 myristic acid 10-20 10-27 C 16 palmitic acid 6-10 6-14 C 18 stearic acid 1-5 1-7 C 18' oleic acid 5-23 6-31 C 18" linoleic acid 1-4 1-6 C 18"' linolenic acid 0.1-1 0.1-2 C 20 arachic acid 0.

Abstract: A foam-inhibiting aqueous concentrate, stable in alkaline compositions, contains(a) about 5 to about 30% by weight of alkyl glucoside based on C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 fatty alcohols having a degree of glucosidation of about 1 to about 2,(b) about 5 to about 70% by weight of end-capped polyethylene glycol ether compound corresponding to formula IR.sub.1 O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sub.2 (I)wherein the radical R.sub.1 O is derived from 2-branched, even-numbered alkanols containing from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an alkyl radical containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and n is a number of about 5 to about 9,(c) about 5 to about 70% by weight of non-end-capped polyethylene glycol ether compound corresponding to formula IIR.sub.5 O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.2 --H (II)wherein the radical R.sub.5 O is derived from 2-branched even-numbered alkanols containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, and z is a number of about 2 to about 5.

Abstract: Synthetic polyol esters with lubricating oil properties based on substantially neutral esterification products of a polyhydric alcohol with selected monocarboxylic acids and, optionally, polybasic carboxylic acids, wherein the polyfunctional alcohol component is dipentaerythritol which is esterified withI--branched C.sub.8 -C.sub.16 fatty acids (class A acids) or withII--mixtures of linear C.sub.8 -C.sub.14 fatty acids (class B acids) with branched fatty acids of class Aand, optionally, limited quantities of polybasic carboxylic acids of the following classes C, D and/or E incorporated in the polyester molecular by condensation:class C acids: di- and/or tricarboxylic acids in the range from C.sub.6 to C.sub.54class D acids: difunctional fatty acids which have been obtained by addition of acrylic acid onto the double bonds of oleic acid, linoleic acid and/or linolenic acidclass E acids: aromatic and/or paraffinic, cyclic polycarboxylic acids containing from 2 to 6 acid functions.

Abstract: Compounds corresponding to the following formulaR.sub.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --R.sub.2in which R.sub.1 is the phenyl radical or a phenyl radical which is substituted by linear or branched alkyl radicals containing a total of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkyl radical, m=0 or 1 and n=3 to 30, are used as dispersants with foam-inhibiting properties in aqueous polymer dispersions and latices.

Abstract: Short-chain polyethlene glycol ethers corresponding to the formula:R.sup.1 --O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.2wherein:R.sup.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl radical,R.sup.2 is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkyl radical, andN is an integer of from 2 to 6,are used as foam-inhibiting additives for low-foam cleaning compositions.