Abstract: A method for the production of synthesis gas from gaseous hydrocarbons includes the use of allothermal steam reforming with catalysts. In order to produce the synthesis gas efficiently without exhaust gas in a compact apparatus, energy is at least partly supplied by electrical energy, that the energy is supplied by electrically heated contact surfaces and that the energy is supplied by contact surfaces within a fixed bed of catalyst pellets and/or within a fluidized bed at least partly consisting of catalyst particles.

Abstract: A method and device for producing low-tar synthesis gas from biomass. The method according to the invention lowers the tar content in the synthesis gas by splitting the biomass into pyrolysis coke and pyrolysis gas in a fluidized bed reactor, both of which are fed to at least one more fluidized bed reactor, wherein tars in the largely tar-free pyrolysis coke are catalytically split at a higher temperature without the ash melting point being exceeded. The method according to the invention enables the production of largely tar-free synthesis gas.

Abstract: A device is presented and described for the use of oxygen for the thermochemical gasification of biomass in at least one fluidised bed reactor, a heater being arranged in the fluidised bed of the fluidised bed reactor and the fluidised bed reactor being heatable by at least partial oxidation of a combustible gas with oxygen.

Abstract: A method and a device for producing synthesis gas from biomass, wherein the biomass is decomposed into pyrolysis coke and pyrolisis gas in at least one pyrolisis reactor, the pyrolysis coke is introduced into the fluidised bed of a synthesis gas reactor and the pyrolysis gas is used as fluidisation gas for the synthesis gas reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for using oxygen for the thermochemical gasification of biomass in at least one fluidized-bed reactor, a heating system being located in the fluidized bed of said reactor and the fluidized-bed reactor being heated by the at least partial oxidation of a combustible gas using oxygen.

Abstract: An apparatus for the catalytic reaction of gaseous hydrocarbons into synthesis gas by means of oxygen is disclosed. In order to improve the apparatus it is provided for the catalyst chamber containing the gas and the catalyst particle to be separated from the oxygen chamber containing the oxygen by a gas-permeable wall.

Abstract: A method and a device for producing synthesis gas from biomass, wherein the biomass is decomposed into pyrolysis coke and pyrolisis gas in at least one pyrolisis reactor, the pyrolysis coke is introduced into the fluidized bed of a synthesis gas reactor and the pyrolysis gas is used as fluidization gas for the synthesis gas reactor.

Abstract: The introduction of a heterogeneous solid substance, such as biomass, into a container which is under pressure is difficult. The rotary valves and airlocks used hitherto have substantial deficiencies. The use of standard screw conveyors has hitherto failed due to the fact that a cavity formed behind the screw helix in which gas could escape from the pressurized container. These deficiencies are resolved in that two independently controllable screws are arranged in a screw conveyor pipe. Between the primary screw driven by a motor and the secondary screw driven by another motor, the biomass is compacted by high pressure as a consequence of the different revolution speeds of the motors in such a way that an almost gas-tight plug is formed. The invention is particularly well-suited for the introduction of biomass into a gasification installation which is under pressure, for the production of synthesis gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for using oxygen for the thermochemical gasification of biomass in at least one fluidized-bed reactor, a heating system being located in the fluidized bed of said reactor and the fluidized-bed reactor being heated by the at least partial oxidation of a combustible gas using oxygen.

Abstract: A method and device for producing low-tar synthesis gas from biomass. The method according to the invention lowers the tar content in the synthesis gas by splitting the biomass into pyrolysis coke and pyrolysis gas in a fluidized bed reactor, both of which are fed to at least one more fluidized bed reactor, wherein tars in the largely tar-free pyrolysis coke are catalytically split at a higher temperature without the ash melting point being exceeded. The method according to the invention enables the production of largely tar-free synthesis gas.

Abstract: A method for the production of synthesis gas from gaseous hydrocarbons includes the use of allothermal steam reforming with catalysts. In order to produce the synthesis gas efficiently without exhaust gas in a compact apparatus, energy is at least partly supplied by electrical energy, that the energy is supplied by electrically heated contact surfaces and that the energy is supplied by contact surfaces within a fixed bed of catalyst pellets and/or within a fluidised bed at least partly consisting of catalyst particles.

Abstract: The introduction of a heterogeneous solid substance, such as biomass, into a container which is under pressure is difficult. The rotary valves and airlocks used hitherto have substantial deficiencies. The use of standard screw conveyors has hitherto failed due to the fact that a cavity formed behind the screw helix in which gas could escape from the pressurized container. These deficiencies are resolved in that two independently controllable screws are arranged in a screw conveyor pipe. Between the primary screw driven by a motor and the secondary screw driven by another motor, the biomass is compacted by high pressure as a consequence of the different revolution speeds of the motors in such a way that an almost gas-tight plug is formed. The invention is particularly well-suited for the introduction of biomass into a gasification installation which is under pressure, for the production of synthesis gas.

Abstract: A method and a device for producing synthesis gas from biomass, wherein the biomass is decomposed into pyrolysis coke and pyrolisis gas in at least one pyrolisis reactor, the pyrolysis coke is introduced into the fluidised bed of a synthesis gas reactor and the pyrolysis gas is used as fluidisation gas for the synthesis gas reactor.

Abstract: In the electrochemical cell comprising a housing in which two diffusion electrodes are arranged which contain active catalyst particles and at whose rears in each case a contiguous compartment for a gas is provided, a compartment for a liquid electrolyte being provided between the diffusion electrodes, there is arranged, between the diffusion electrodes, at least one anion exchanger membrane directly in front of one of the diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: In the electrochemical cell comprising a housing in which two diffusion electrodes are arranged which contain active catalyst particles and at whose rears in each case a contiguous compartment for a gas is provided, a compartment for a liquid electrolyte being provided between the diffusion electrodes, there is arranged, between the diffusion electrodes, at least one ion exchanger membrane directly in front of one of the diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: A process for the manipulation of liquid electrolyte and gas during the operation of an electrochemical cell having at least one gas diffusion electrode and a counter electrode forming an electrolyte space for a flowing electrolyte which flows through the cell, from the upper end of the cell to its lower end, which electrolyte space is nonpartitioned or is partitioned by a separator, the gas diffusion electrode having a surface facing toward the electrolyte space and an opposite surface facing opposite from the electrolyte space, and the cell having a gas space located on the opposite surface, the process comprising:feeding gas to or discharging gas from the gas space,feeding electrolyte to the electrolyte space and permitting the electrolyte to flow through the space from its upper end to its lower end by gravity only, the hydrostatic pressure between the upper end of the electrolyte space and the lower end of the electrolyte space being compensated for by decreasing the hydrodynamic pressure to provide a co

Abstract: In this process for electrically separating the electrolyte-bearing main from the electrolyte spaces of an electrochemical cell pile, the electrolyte is passed via drop sections directly from the main into the electrolyte space or directly from the electrolyte space into the main.

Abstract: This process, in which gas bubbles are formed in the electrolyte, is carried out in electrolytic cells which are non-partitioned or partitioned by at least one separator and in which at least one electrode is perforated. For this purpose, the electrolyte is caused to flow by means of gravity through the electrolytic cell in such a manner that a gas space is formed laterally to the main direction of flow of the electrolyte, both electrodes or the separators or one separator and the perforated electrode being wetted.

Abstract: This process can be carried out in an electrolytic cell which is non-partitioned or partitioned by at least one separator and has at least one porous electrode. The electrolyte enters parallel to the surface of the electrode and is forced by at least one restriction point to flow through the porous electrode parallel to the flow of charge.

Abstract: The invention provides a quick-action locking means for pressure vessels, consisting of a holder to which the top of the pressure vessel containing connections and/or measuring equipment is rigidly mounted, a presser, and a sliding spacer device positioned between the detachable lower part of the pressure vessel and the presser. The lower part of the pressure vessel positioned on the spacer device is pressed against the top by the presser. The locking means of the invention allows rapid opening and closing of the pressure vessel without using tools and without dismounting tubular ducts and fittings.