Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method of forming a semiconductor device is provided, the method including: forming a substrate; forming a first gate on the substrate; forming a mask layer on the substrate, the mask layer including a first window covering an area within which the first gate is formed so that the first gate divides the substrate exposed by the first window into a first region and a second region; and doping the exposed substrate using rays inclined with respect to the substrate top surface, where the position of the first gate with respect to a border of the first window is chosen such that the inclined doping rays impinge more on the first region than on the second region.

Abstract: A method of producing a field effect transistor arrangement. A substrate having a first crystal surface orientation is provided. A first layer is formed above a first portion of the substrate, the first layer having a second crystal surface orientation different from the first crystal surface orientation. A second layer is formed on at least a second portion of the substrate and adjacent to the first layer, the second layer having the first crystal surface orientation. A first buried oxide layer is formed between the substrate and the first layer. Micro-cavities are formed in the second layer and oxidizing the micro-cavities, thereby forming a second buried oxide layer between the substrate and the second layer. A first field effect transistor of a first conductivity type is formed in or on the first layer. A second field effect transistor of a second conductivity type is formed in or on the second layer.

Abstract: A method for authentication of sensor data (D) which is interchanged between at least one sensor (S1 to S4) and an associated receiver (2), in which a request (challenge) is first of all transmitted by the receiver (2) to the at least one sensor (S1 to S4) with an encrypted random number, this request is decrypted by the at least one sensor (S1 to S4), the random number is modified and the modified random number is used as a session key for the subsequent sensor data transmission (response). A first hash value (H) is calculated from the sensor data (D) at the sensor end; a cryptographic checksum (DS) is produced for authentication of the sensor data (D) to be transmitted, a second hash value (H?) is calculated from the first hash value (H) and the session key as a data block and is encrypted using the secret sensor key (GS), the authenticated sensor data (DS+D) is transmitted to the receiver (2), and the authenticity of the cryptographic checksum (DS) is checked at the receiver end.

Abstract: A field effect transistor arrangement and a fabrication method thereof. The field effect transistor arrangement includes: a substrate having a first crystal surface orientation; a first layer formed above at least a first portion of the substrate, the first layer having a second crystal surface orientation different from the first crystal surface orientation; a second layer formed above at least a second portion of the substrate and adjacent to the first layer, the second layer having the first crystal surface orientation; a first buried oxide layer formed between the first layer and the substrate; a second buried oxide layer formed between the second layer and the substrate; a first field effect transistor formed in or on the first layer, the first field effect transistor having a first conductivity type; and a second field effect transistor formed in or on the second layer, the second field effect transistor having a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type.

Abstract: The control voltage for a VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) is produced in a phase locked loop which in turn is controlled by a computer (40) including an integrated analog circuit (42). First the oscillator control voltage is set to a predetermined value. Then, voltage varying steps are performed. For performing these steps, the circuit includes a main frequency divider and a reference frequency divider both functioning as counters. The beginnings of the counting of each divider are synchronized with each other. The oscillator control voltage is increased by a predetermined voltage difference or increment when the reference divider completes its counting period prior to the main divider completing its counting. The oscillator control voltage is decreased by a predetermined voltage difference or decrement when the main divider finishes its counting period prior to the reference divider finishing its count.

Abstract: A PLL circuit arrangement includes a first frequency divider connected to a reference frequency source, a second frequency divider connected to the output of an oscillator controlled by the output of a loop filter, a phase/frequency detector that detects phase/frequency differences between the two divider outputs, a charge pump between the detector and the loop filter, a controller providing a changeable divider ratio to the first and/or second frequency divider, and a regulating signal generator that changes the output voltage of the loop filter applied to the oscillator in a controlled manner in response to a change of the divider ratio. The signal generator preferably has inputs connected to outputs of the controller and the frequency dividers, and an output connected to the charge pump and/or the loop filter to accelerate the recharging thereof in response to a change of the divider ratio.

Abstract: The control voltage for a VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) is produced in a phase locked loop which in turn is controlled by a computer (40) including an integrated analog circuit (42). First the oscillator control voltage is set to a predetermined value. Then, voltage varying steps are performed. For performing these steps, the circuit includes a main frequency divider and a reference frequency divider both functioning as counters. The beginnings of the counting of each divider are synchronized with each other. The oscillator control voltage is increased by a predetermined voltage difference or increment when the reference divider completes its counting period prior to the main divider completing its counting. The oscillator control voltage is decreased by a predetermined voltage difference or decrement when the main divider finishes its counting period prior to the reference divider finishing its count.

Abstract: A PLL circuit arrangement includes a first frequency divider connected to a reference frequency source, a second frequency divider connected to the output of an oscillator controlled by the output of a loop filter, a phase/frequency detector that detects phase/frequency differences between the two divider outputs, a charge pump between the detector and the loop filter, a controller providing a changeable divider ratio to the first and/or second frequency divider, and a regulating signal generator that changes the output voltage of the loop filter applied to the oscillator in a controlled manner in response to a change of the divider ratio. The signal generator preferably has inputs connected to outputs of the controller and the frequency dividers, and an output connected to the charge pump and/or the loop filter to accelerate the recharging thereof in response to a change of the divider ratio.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injector with high-pressure injection of fuel in self-igniting internal combustion engines, having a hollow injector body (1), which on one end includes a valve seat (2) and at least one injection opening (3). Furthermore, the injector of the invention includes a valve needle (4), which is disposed in an extension of a valve piston (5) in the injector body (1), so that in the closed state it closes the at least one injection opening (3), and at least one spring, which keeps the injector closed in the pressureless state by pressing the valve needle (4) into the valve seat (2). The injector further includes at least two magnet devices (37, 38), which serve to open and close the injector directly.

Abstract: In a fuel injection valve having a valve body (10), having a control pressure chamber (16) embodied in it and closed on one side by an actuating part (14) for a nozzle needle (12), which needle, controlled by the actuating part, is displaceable between a closing position and an opening position, having an inlet (18) to the control pressure chamber and an outlet (20) out of the control pressure chamber, the outlet being controlled by a control valve (24), in which the injected fuel quantity is metered with high precision. To that end, a displaceable throttle piston (32) is provided, which in a first position enables a partial opening stroke of the nozzle needle out of the closing position counter to a slight resistance, and in a second position enables a remaining opening stroke, immediately following the partial opening stroke, of the nozzle needle (12) into the opening position only counter to a higher resistance.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for internal combustion engines with a pressure step-up means is proposed, in which the fuel is pumped out of the low-pressure supplier into the injection nozzle via a feed line and is measured correctly in terms of time and quantity via a control line by the high-pressure part of the injection pump.

Abstract: A current coil for use in a needle motion sensor for a fuel injection valve, having a coil body, which is provided with a metallic coil core, wherein connecting contact wires for the coil winding are held pressed against the coil body in formed grooves of the coil body.

Abstract: A current coil is proposed, in particular for use in a needle motion sensor for a fuel injection valve, having a coil body (1), which is provided with a metallic coil core (3), wherein connecting contact wires (13) for the coil winding (7) are held pressed against the coil body in formed grooves (15) of the coil body.

Abstract: A fuel supply line system for a fuel injection nozzle which is inserted into the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, having a pressure connector that communicates tightly on the inlet side with the connection piece of an inlet tube and on the outlet side is pressed axially, via a sealing face, against a seat face on the nozzle holder body of the fuel injection nozzle by means of a screw connection. A shoulder is formed on the pressure connector, when the pressure connector is screwed into a threaded bore, in order to absorb the tightening moment, the shoulder is pressed against a contact pressure face embodied complimentary to the shoulder on the nozzle holder body and extending annularly all the way around, and that the sealing face is disposed on a body that is provided between the pressure connector and the nozzle holder body and is deformable in a defined way by the screwing in of the pressure connector.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines having a valve member axially displaceably guided in a bore of a valve body, the end of which valve member toward the combustion chamber has a valve sealing face that to control the passage of fuel to an injection opening discharging into the combustion chamber of the engine cooperates with a valve seat provided on the end of the bore toward the combustion chamber, and having a guide face on the end of the valve member remote from the combustion chamber, which guide face guides the valve member slidably displaceably in the bore. In the guide face of the valve member, many recesses are provided, which center the valve member hydraulically in the bore.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for self-igniting internal combustion engines, having a nozzle body, in which a conical seat face from which injection ports originate is formed at the bottom of a blind bore. A valve needle which is guided displaceably with a guide portion in the inlet region of the blind bore counter to a closing force and counter to the fuel flow direction and on the end of a valve shaft adjoining the guide portion has a closing cone cooperating with the seat face. The valve shaft circumferentially defines an annular chamber for fuel delivery, and is characterized in that in a transitional region between the valve shaft and the closing cone, a throttle device of variable throttle cross section is disposed, by which the injection cross section can be varied as a function of the axial displacement of the valve needle.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, having a fuel inlet conduit, which originates at a connection stub and discharges at at least one injection opening. A rodlike fuel filter is inserted into the fuel inlet conduit and is guided in the inlet conduit on opposite axial ends. Two groups of longitudinal grooves are formed in the jacket face each of which are axially closed on one end. The first group of longitudinal groove originate at an upper end face of the fuel filter remote from the injection opening, and the second group originates at a lower fuel filter end face oriented toward the injection opening. The size of the flow cross section at the fuel filter and the size of the flow cross section of the inlet conduit in the region downstream of the fuel filter amounts to from approximately 5-10 times the size of the total flow cross section of all the injection openings in the fuel injection valve.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system for a fuel injection nozzle, inserted into a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, having a tubular neck penetrating a passage in the cylinder head. The neck is tightly joined on the inlet side to the connection piece of an inlet tube and is pressed on the outlet side axially with a seat face against a conical seat face, disposed on the nozzle holder of the fuel injection nozzle, by a union screw screwed, into passage of the cylinder head. A check valve is disposed downstream of the conical seat face in the inlet conduit of the injection nozzle, with check valve permits a delivery of fuel solely in the direction of the combustion chamber of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, having a fuel inflow conduit, which discharges at an injection opening, and into which inflow conduit a rodlike filter body is inserted, preceding the injection opening, which filter body on each of its face ends has one collar of enlarged diameter compared with a middle portion of the filter body, and into whose jacket face two groups of longitudinal grooves axially closed on one end are machined. A first group begins at an upper end face of the filter body remote from the injection opening and a second group begins at a lower end face thereof toward the injection opening, the longitudinal grooves of the first and second groups being distributed in alternation over the circumference of the filter body. To reliably prevent dirt particles from passing through the filter body, the lower collar extends past the axially closed end of the longitudinal grooves of the first group.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines, including a valve member, which is displaceable in a valve body counter to a restoring force of a valve spring and has a valve sealing face, which cooperates with a valve seat disposed on the valve body. The fuel injection valve has a plurality of injection ports, disposed below the valve seat in the valve body, whose inlet openings are curved rounded, it is provided that some of the injection ports have at least one degree of curved roundness that is different from the remainder of the injection ports.