Abstract: A catalyst is described based on crystalline aluminosilicates of the pentasil type, characterized in that it is constructed from primary crystallites with an average diameter of at least 0.01 ?m and less than 0.1 ?m, that are combined to at least 20% to agglomerates of 5 to 500 ?m, in which the primary crystallites or agglomerates are bonded together by finely divided aluminum oxide, that its BET surface is 300 to 600 m2/g and its pore volume (determined according to mercury porosimetry) is 0.3 to 0.8 cm3/g, that it is present in H form and that the amount of finely divided aluminum oxide binder is 10 to 40 wt. %, referred to the total weight of the aluminosilicate, in which the finely divided aluminum oxide binder is used in the reaction charge as peptizable aluminum oxide hydrate, sodium aluminate being used as aluminum and alkali source, and primary synthesis of the crystalline aluminosilicate occurs without addition of acid.

Abstract: A catalyst is described based on crystalline aluminosilicates of the pentasil type, characterized by the fact that it is constructed from primary crystallizes with an average diameter of at least 0.01 &mgr;m and less than 0.1 &mgr;m, that are combined to at least 20% to agglomerates of 5 to 500 &mgr;m, in which the primary crystallites or agglomerates are bonded together by finely divided aluminum oxide, that its BET surface is 300 to 600 m2/g and its pore volume (determined according to mercury porosimetry) is 0.3 to 0.8 cm3/g, that it is present in H form and that the amount of finely divided aluminum oxide binder is 10 to 40 wt. %, referred to the total weight of the aluminosilicate, in which the finely divided aluminum oxide binder is present in the reaction charge as peptizable aluminum oxide hydrate, sodium aluminate being used as aluminum and alkali source, and primary synthesis of the crystalline aluminosilicate occurs without addition of acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst for conversion of carbon monoxide with steam into hydrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen-rich synthesis gases. The conversion can be done at temperatures above roughly 300.degree. C. In addition, a chromium-free catalyst for the aforementioned purpose is described which contains the following in "application form:"(a) 30-98% by weight iron oxide, computed as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 ;(b) 0.1-20% by weight copper oxide, computed as CuO;(c) 0.1-20% by weight of an oxide of the rare earth levels computed as Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 (in which Me is a rare earth metal) and/or zirconium oxide, computed as ZrO.sub.2 ;(d) 0.1-30% by weight of at least one oxide of one or several other base metals with an ionic radius from 50 to 72 pm (other than chromium)(e) 0-0.1% by weight of at least one oxide of one or several precious metals from the platinum group;(f) 0-30% by weight barium oxide.

Abstract: A molded catalyst body that contains in a reduced state a metal of the ferrous group and/or copper on a support and is characterized by the following features:(a) Metal content: about 5 to about 40 weight percent, based on the total weight of the catalyst;(b) Metal-crystal size: .ltoreq.3 nm;(c) Volume of the pores with a diameter of 7.5 nm to 15 .mu.m: 0.05 to 0.9 ml/g catalyst;(d) BET surface area: 80-400 m.sup.2 /g catalyst;(e) Fracture strength: >30N (based on cylindrical molded body with a diameter of 1.5 mm and a length of 5 mm);(f) Bulk density: 250-350 g/l.

Abstract: The invention describes a chromium-free catalyst for hydrogenation of organic compounds, especially organic compounds containing the carbonyl function, such as aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids or their esters, to the corresponding alcohols wherein the catalysts is characterized by the following features:its oxide form corresponds to the compositionCu.sub.a Al.sub.b Zr.sub.c Mn.sub.d O.sub.xwherein the following relations apply:for the first embodiment:a>O; b>O; c.gtoreq.O; d>O; a>b/2; b>a/4; a>c; a>d;and for the second embodiment:a>O; b=a/40 to a/4; c.gtoreq.O; d>O; a>c; a=0.5 d to 0.95 dand x is the number of oxygen ions needed per formula unit for electrical neutrality.

Abstract: A catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide which before reductive activation, has the chemical composition which corresponds to the formulaCu.sub.0.04-6 AlMg.sub.0.1-10.sup.O.sub.X,wherein x denotes the number of oxygen atoms required to maintain electroneutrality per formula unit; and wherein the intensity ratio between the x-ray diffraction lines of the spinels CuAl.sub.2 O.sub.4 and MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4 at d=0.244 nm and copper oxide at d=0.232 nm, determined as the ratio of reflex heights is about 0.05 to 0.5.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acid alkyl esters to higher alcohols which in the oxide form comprises a chemical composition represented by the formulaCuZn.sub.0.5-2 Mn.sub.0.01-0.5 O.sub.xwherein x is the number of oxygen atoms needed per formula unit for electrical neutrality.

Abstract: An SiO.sub.2 -containing copper oxide-chromium oxide catalyst is obtained through heat treatment of copper oxide and chromium oxide, or of a precursor compound convertible into copper oxide or chromium oxide in the presence of an SiO.sub.2 component; it is characterized by the fact that, after the heat treatment,(a) the intensity ratio between the X-ray diffraction lines (XRD reflexes) of the copper oxide with d=0.232 nm and of the CuCr.sub.2 O.sub.4 spinel with d=0.240 nm formed through heat treatment, determined as the ratio of the reflex amplitudes, is 0.7 to 4.0:1, and(b) the copper mass, which is dissolved by stirring 10 g of the catalyst in 100 ml of 10 weight percent acetic acid at 20.degree. C. for 2 minutes, amounts to a maximum of 200 mg.

Abstract: Acid-resistant copper oxide-chromium oxide catalysts for hydrogenation of fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures and/or the esters thereof are obtained through heat treatment of copper oxide and chromium oxide or of precursor compounds that are convertible into copper oxide or chromium oxide and which contain aluminum zirconium, cerium and/or lanthanum oxide as an additional metal component. The acid resistance is defined by the fact that the amount of copper which is dissolved by stirring 10 g of the catalyst for 2 minutes in 100 ml of 10 weight percent acetic acid at 20.degree. C., is a maximum of 200 mg.

Abstract: A catalyst based on crystalline aluminosilicates of the pentasil type, having an Si/Al atomic ratio of at least 10, has the structure of primary crystallites of a mean diameter of at least 0.1 micron and at most 0.9 micron, which crystallites are partially combined into agglomerates the primary crystallites and/or agglomerates being mutually joined by finely disperse alumina obtainable by hydrolysis of aluminum-organic compounds, the BET surface area of the catalyst being 300 to 600 m.sup.2 /g and its pore volume (determined by mercury porosimetry) being 0.3 to 0.8 cm.sup.3 /g.

Abstract: A catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated hydrocarbons which contain entirely or predominantly more than five carbon atoms, containing palladium with a promotor on a metal oxide support. The promotor is a metal from the subgroup IB of the periodic system (preferably silver) and the metal oxide support (TiO.sub.2 optionally mixed with CeO.sub.2 and/or ZrO.sub.2) is macroporous, the pore volume being about 0.2 to 0.4, preferably about 0.25 to 0.30 ml per g of carrier and the proportion of the macropores having a diameter of more than 14 nm being at least 65%.

Abstract: A catalyst for the steam reforming of hydrocarbons contains nickel on an alumina/calcium aluminate support which is doped with 0.2 to 10 percent by weight of titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide has the effect that the calcium aluminate is at least partially in the form of a hibonite [CaO(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.6 ] phase in an .alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 matrix as defined by x-ray diffractometry.

Abstract: A process for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The process comprising contacting the flue gases with a catalyst. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a layer structure (layer silicate) comprising acid-activated kaolin. The crystalline layer structure of the acid-activated kaolin is essentially retained, while being not yet X-ray amorphous. The acid activation increases the BET surface area at least 15% and preferably at least 50% in terms of the BET surface area of the kaolin before acid activation. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the acid-activated kaolin to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.

Abstract: A ferruginous catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxide in flue gases. The catalyst comprising an active constituent in the form of a combination of a compound of iron and of an acid aluminosilicate that has a layered structure.

Abstract: A catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a three-layer structure (three-layer silicate) selected from the group consisting of illite and mica. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the three-layer silicate to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.

Abstract: A catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a three-layer structure (three-layer silicate). The three-layer silicate is acid-activated while essentially retaining its crystalline layer structure. The three-layer silicate has a cation-exchange capacity of 30 mvals/100 g or more before acid activation. The acid activation lowers the concentration of interlayer cations and increases the BET surface at least 15% and preferably at least 50% in terms of the BET surface of the three-layer silicate before acid activation. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the acid-activated three-layer silicate to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.

Abstract: A catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a three-layer structure (three-layer silicate) comprising acid-activated pyrophyllite. The crystalline layer structure of the acid-activated pyrophyllite is essentially retained, while being not yet X-ray amorphous. The acid activation increases the BET surface area at least 15% and preferably at least 50% in terms of the BET surface area of the pyrophyllite before acid activation. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the acid-activated pyrophyllite to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.

Abstract: A catalyst for decreasing the content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases. The catalyst contains at least one of the metals titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, or cerium in the form of one or more of their oxides combined with a silicate with a three-layer structure (three-layer silicate) which is or comprises talc. The three-layer silicate is preferably acid-activated while essentially retaining its crystalline layer structure and being not yet X-ray amorphous. The acid activation increases the BET surface area at least 15% and preferably at least 50% in terms of the BET surface area of the talc before acid activation. The atomic ratio of the silicon in the talc to the metal in the oxide is from 0.2 and 50 and preferably from 0.4 to 25.

Abstract: A catalyst for lowering the nitrogen oxide content of flue gases contains as the active component an acid-activated layer silicate, in particular of the smectite type, whose layered structure is to a large extent intact after the acid treatment.

Abstract: Process for the thermal treatment of powdered and granulated catalysts, catalyst intermediate products, and inorganic substances, which are usable as constituents of catalysts or as auxiliary agents for the production of catalysts. The known process material is placed on a heated vibrating conveyor and there, in the form of a thin layer, in which the particles of the process material are moved with a larger horizontal and a smaller vertical component, heated and allowed to cool either outside the vibrating conveyor or in a separate vibrating conveyor or in the outlet portion of the first vibrating conveyor.