Abstract: An improved process for recovering oxyacids of chlorine or salts of such acids by the electrolysis of sea water or of salt solutions contaminated by metal ions is disclosed wherein extensive build-up of contaminating calcium ions and/or magnesium ions as the corresponding hydroxide on the cathode is prevented by the addition of precipitating chemicals at a pH value above 9. In accordance with the invention, the precipitating chemicals are not added to the sea water or salt solution contaminated by metal ions until a layer has been built up on the cathode such that the current efficiency has increased to a value in excess of 90 percent.

Abstract: A process for supplying a liquid such as a liquid containing chlorine to a stream of another liquid such as a cooling water stream is disclosed wherein the stream to which the liquid is fed is passed in a generally horizontally disposed conduit and the liquid being fed thereto is introduced into a stationary manifold disposed thereabove which manifold is in fluid communication with the plurality of vertically disposed discharge hoses of differing lengths each of which has an outlet opening, the oulet opening is being substantially evenly distributed throughout the cross-section of the conduit. Also disclosed is an apparatus for effecting such a process.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for carrying out processes during which gas is evolved is disclosed. The cell includes at least one hoodlike cover positioned above one or more electrodes and having an outlet opening below the electrolyte surface for the gas-electrolyte suspension and an elecrolyte-recycling space positioned outside the projection of the cover. The recycling space is free from gas-producing electrodes and is spaced a sufficient distance from the outlet opening that the backflow of gas is precluded.

Abstract: Alkali metal chlorides, e.g. brine, are electrolized in the presence of substantially horizontal anodes provided on the underside with channel- or groove-like recesses. The anodes and/or the course of the channel- or groove-like recesses in the anodes are positioned to define spaced apart regions between the anodes so as to provide for an outflow of chlorine from the space between the electrodes and for an inflow of brine into this space.