Abstract: The present invention includes various novel systems and methods for communication in a network. A System Environment Monitor is employed in some embodiments to extract from the network both real-time and historical Network Metrics at the Infrastructure Layer, as well as Application Metadata at the Application Layer. Network analytics facilitate decisions based upon the differing characteristics of Application Components and lower-level hardware components across multiple DTTs. In response, an SDN Controller generates modified sets of SDN Flows, and implements them in real time across a mixed technology (multi-DTT) network in a manner that avoids disrupting existing SDN Flows and other real-time network traffic.

Abstract: The present invention includes various novel systems and methods for communication in a network. A System Environment Monitor is employed in some embodiments to extract from the network both real-time and historical Network Metrics at the Infrastructure Layer, as well as Application Metadata at the Application Layer. Network analytics facilitate decisions based upon the differing characteristics of Application Components and lower-level hardware components across multiple DTTs. In response, an SDN Controller generates modified sets of SDN Flows, and implements them in real time across a mixed technology (multi-DTT) network in a manner that avoids disrupting existing SDN Flows and other real-time network traffic.

Abstract: The present invention includes various novel systems and methods for communication in a network. A System Environment Monitor is employed in some embodiments to extract from the network both real-time and historical Network Metrics at the Infrastructure Layer, as well as Application Metadata at the Application Layer. Network analytics facilitate decisions based upon the differing characteristics of Application Components and lower-level hardware components across multiple DTTs. In response, an SDN Controller generates modified sets of SDN Flows, and implements them in real time across a mixed technology (multi-DTT) network in a manner that avoids disrupting existing SDN Flows and other real-time network traffic.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a fluid distributing apparatus comprising a fixed part and a rotating part. The fixed part is provided with at least one inlet channel and at least one outlet channel and wherein each inlet and outlet channel has a facing opening facing the rotating part. The rotating part is rotatably positioned relative to the fixed part such that the rotating part can have multiple rotational positions relative to the fixed part, wherein the rotating part is provided with at least a connecting channel having an inlet and outlet opening in the rotating part. The inlet and outlet opening of at least one connecting channel in the rotating part aligns with the facing openings of at least one inlet and outlet channel in the fixed part in at least one rotational position and not align in another position.

Abstract: The present invention includes various novel systems and methods for communication in a network. A System Environment Monitor is employed in some embodiments to extract from the network both real-time and historical Network Metrics at the Infrastructure Layer, as well as Application Metadata at the Application Layer. Network analytics facilitate decisions based upon the differing characteristics of Application Components and lower-level hardware components across multiple DTTs. In response, an SDN Controller generates modified sets of SDN Flows, and implements them in real time across a mixed technology (multi-DTT) network in a manner that avoids disrupting existing SDN Flows and other real-time network traffic.

Abstract: The present invention includes various novel systems and methods for dynamically modifying WDM transmission and receive steps (individually or in combination), including encoding client signals, mapping them to subchannels within or across ITU channels, modulating them onto subcarrier frequencies, and multiplexing them together for optical transmission. By dynamically modifying one or more of these processing steps over time (as well as encrypting underlying client signals), additional security is provided at the physical (optical) layer of an optical network, thereby greatly enhancing overall network security. Tunable lasers are employed to generate respective subcarrier frequencies, which represent subchannels of an ITU channel to which client signals are mapped.

Abstract: The present invention includes various novel techniques, apparatus, and systems for optical WDM communications that involve dynamically modifying certain aspects of the WDM transmission (and corresponding receive) process at the optical (physical) layer to significantly enhance data/network security. These various dynamic modifications can be employed individually or in combination to provide even greater security depending upon the desired application and design tradeoffs. WDM transmission steps typically include encoding the client signals, mapping them to one or more subchannels within or across ITU channels, modulating them onto subcarrier frequencies, and multiplexing them together for optical transmission. By dynamically modifying one or more of these processing steps over time (in addition to any encryption of the underlying client signals), the current invention provides additional security at the physical (optical) layer of an optical network and thus greatly enhances overall network security.

Abstract: The present invention includes various novel techniques, apparatus, and systems for optical WDM communications that involve dynamically modifying certain aspects of the WDM transmission (and corresponding receive) process at the optical (physical) layer to significantly enhance data/network security. These various dynamic modifications can be employed individually or in combination to provide even greater security depending upon the desired application and design tradeoffs. WDM transmission steps typically include encoding the client signals, mapping them to one or more subchannels within or across ITU channels, modulating them onto subcarrier frequencies, and multiplexing them together for optical transmission. By dynamically modifying one or more of these processing steps over time (in addition to any encryption of the underlying client signals), the current invention provides additional security at the physical (optical) layer of an optical network and thus greatly enhances overall network security.

Abstract: Method of replacing inner heating tubes in a heating chamber where the heating tubes are replaced by cutting the collars at pre-designated points on the two ends of the heating tube such that the welding seams holding the heating tube are removed. The collar containing a length compensator can be cut either before or after the length compensator depending on whether replacement of the length compensator is desired. The heating tubes are removed by moving the heating tubes out of the interior of the drum chamber through an opening in one of the two ends of the heating tube. New heating tubes containing an impact shell and a centering bushing, are inserted through an opening in one of the two ends of the heating tube. After a heating tube is inserted, the heating tube is raised such that the centering bushing can be inserted and centered in the collar. Then the heating tubes are welded at their two ends to the bushing of the collars.

Abstract: A discharge apparatus includes a housing into which a discharge pipe of a carbonization drum opens. A residue discharge chute which starts from the housing opens into a conveying device ending at an outlet. A filling-level meter is disposed at the residue discharge chute. The conveying device has a profiled separating shelf with an end remote from the mouth of the residue discharge chute, at which a bar screen is formed. The bar screen covers a delivery opening for fine residue and ends at the outlet for coarse residue. A vibrator is associated with the conveying device.

Abstract: Heating chamber rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and having a plurality of heating tubes located in the interior thereof, a first end plate to which each of the heating tubes is secured by an end thereof, a second end plate to which each of the heating tubes is secured by the other end thereof, at least one of the ends of each of the heating tubes protruding through a respective opening formed in at least one of end plates, and a respective collar for connecting the at least one end of the respective heating tubes to the outer surface of at least one end plate, includes a respective reduced diameter portion formed in each of the heating tubes, the heating tubes being spaced from one another a greater distance at the at least one end plate than in the interior of the heating chamber; and method of replacing the heating tubes in the heating chamber.

Abstract: A conveyor for waste has a waste feed shaft which is laterally connected to a horizontally divided conveyor channel. A screw conveyor being drivable by a motor is located in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor channel. The conveyor channel opens into a housing, in particular into a pyrolysis reactor, which by way of example is operated in conjunction with a low-temperature carbonization combustion process. In order to easily eliminate blockages of the screw conveyor, a unit formed of the screw conveyor and the conveyor channel is disconnectably secured to the housing and is removable from the housing through the use of a traveling mounting. A method for inspecting the contents of a conveyor channel receiving waste and discharging into a housing, especially a pyrolysis reactor, includes disconnecting the conveyor channel from the housing, driving the conveyor channel away with a traveling mounting, and opening the conveyor channel.

Abstract: A device for conveying waste includes a waste feed chute. A stationary conveyor pipe is connected to the waste feed chute and has a sealed-off end and a housing with a nonround cross section defining a longitudinal direction. A screw conveyor is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor pipe. A motor drives the screw conveyor. A pyrolysis reactor into which the conveyor pipe discharges, defines a first space between the housing of the conveyor pipe and the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis reactor has an inlet end and a longitudinal axis about which the pyrolysis reactor is rotatable. An inlet tube in which the sealed-off end of the conveyor pipe is disposed, defines a second space between the inlet tube and the conveyor pipe. The inlet tube communicates with the inlet end of the pyrolysis reactor and has a smaller cross section than the pyrolysis reactor. At least one supply line leads from outside into the pyrolysis reactor.

Abstract: A low-temperature carbonization drum for waste includes many heating tubes located in the interior. The tubes are each secured by one end to a first end plate and by the other end to a second end plate. At least one support location for supporting the heating tubes is provided between the two end plates to prevent them from sagging. Each support location is divided into at least two spaced-apart partial supports, each with one bracket configuration. Each bracket configuration includes a plurality of support brackets that are located in the same plane as one another. The support brackets are located one after another (are staggered) and are rotationally offset from one another. As a result, the solid material in the waste can be transported largely unimpeded past the support locations.

Abstract: A heating chamber is rotatable about its longitudinal axis and contains a number of heating tubes orientated parallel to each other. Solid material which is lifted up during the rotation can become detached from the heating tubes and upon impact can lead to damage to heating tubes which are situated below. In order to prevent such an occurrence, baffle shells are provided on the heating tubes. The baffle shells are formed of a resistant material and offer protection against surface damage. The heating tubes are preferably disposed in radially orientated rows.

Abstract: A plant for thermal waste disposal includes a pyrolysis reactor having a first heating device for indirectly heating the waste and a second heating device for directly heating the waste within the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis reactor converts the waste into low-temperature carbonization gas and solid pyrolysis residue. The low-temperature carbonization gas and the solid pyrolysis residue, possibly after passing through a treatment device, are fed to a high-temperature reactor for combustion. The first heating device ensures a basal heating of the waste in the pyrolysis reactor. A separate fuel or waste heat from the flue gas of the high-temperature reactor can serve the purpose of ensuring the basal heating. Supplementary heating is provided as required with the aid of the second heating device by providing an air feed into the interior of the pyrolysis reactor. A process is also provided for operating the plant for thermal waste disposal.

Abstract: A waste conveyor includes a conveyor channel. A feed shaft is connected to the conveyor channel. A worm is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the conveyor channel. The worm has a shaft with an axis. A first metal cutter is disposed at an edge of a portion of the worm and is curved relative to the axis of the shaft. A second metal cutter is disposed at a portion of the conveyor channel, is curved relative to the axis of the shaft and has a radius of curvature being greater than the radius of curvature of the first metal cutter. The two metal cutters are disposed side by side and approximately concentric to the shaft, at a predetermined rotary position of the worm.

Abstract: A transporting device includes a housing having a feed opening and a discharge opening defining a transporting direction. The housing has a partial section and a remaining section. A conveyor worm is disposed in the housing, is rotatable about a longitudinal axis and has a smaller pitch in the partial section than in the remaining section. The smaller pitch of the conveyor worm is disposed at a distance from the feed opening, as seen in the transporting direction.

Abstract: A low-temperature carbonization/combustion process is carried out in a low-temperature carbonization/combustion plant with pressure control that includes a pyrolysis drum to which waste is delivered. Low-temperature carbonization gas generated there is passed to a combustion chamber. Flue gas produced there is fed through a cooling device and a gas compressor to a stack. With the aid of a control device, the speed of rotation of the gas compressor is controlled in relation to the pressure in the gas path between the pyrolysis drum and the gas compressor in such a way that when the pressure decreases, the speed of rotation is decreased. Preferably, an additional gas compressor is connected in series with the gas compressor and the speed of rotation of the additional gas compressor is appropriately controlled. An additional pyrolysis drum can also be provided.

Abstract: A carbonization apparatus for carbonizing material which includes metal parts, as for instance waste material with elongated metal parts, such as metal wires and metal bands. A residue discharge pipe has a discharge port formed in an end face thereof. Carbonization residue is discharged through the discharge port. The residue discharge pipe rotates about its longitudinal axis. The metal parts are entrained with a device which is disposed in a region of the discharge port and which rotates with the residue discharge pipe. In the alternative, the entrainment device or devices are disposed inside a carbonization drum. A stationary bar-shaped member cooperates with the entraining device to tear the metal parts discharging from the discharge opening.