Abstract: In a method and device for shaping thread-forming materials from a homogeneous isotropic or anisotropic, single or multiphase liquid multicomponent system, the liquid multicomponent system is forced through nozzle openings into a liquid which is under pressure. The liquid is moved in the direction of travel in a channel system composed of sections with constant and/or slightly tapering cross sections, and the flow rate of the liquid is increased accordingly.

Abstract: A continuous high flow rate process for the transport of metal ions from a first aqueous liquid to a nonaqueous, water-immiscible liquid and therefrom to a second aqueous liquid. The nonaqueous liquid contains one or more complexing agents and is kept separated from the metal-ion-transferring aqueous liquid by one or more microporous hydrophobic membranes. A portion of the nonaqueous liquid is found in the pores of these membranes. The bulk of the nonaqueous liquid, however, is circulated through two or more transport zones. The transport of the metal ions to the second aqueous liquid occurs by mechanically mixing the nonaqueous liquid with the second aqueous liquid to form a mixture having an aqueous phase. The aqueous phase is separated from the mixture by means of an isolation process using membranes. The present process is well suited for processes involving the coupled co-transport and counter-transport of metal ions and can be used advantageously in ore dressing and wastewater treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for transferring metal ions from an aqueous liquid to a non-aqueous liquid and then to another aqueous liquid. The non-aqueous liquid contains one or more complexing agents and is kept separate from the aqueous liquid releasing metal ions by one or more microporous hydrophobic membrane(s). The non-aqueous liquid is circulated through two or more transfer zones in which the metal ions are taken up and released. The metal ions are released from the non-aqueous liquid into the second aqueous liquid by mechanical mixing of the two phases, followed by a mechanical separation process. The flow of metal ions obtained by this low-cost process is higher than in other processes. The process facilitates coupled co- and counter transport and may be used with advantage, inter alia, in the dressing of ores and in effluent treatment.

Abstract: In a method and arrangement for separating a liquid mixture or a solution by converting a portion of the liquid mixture or portion of a solvent of the solution into a vapor phase and subsequent condensation of the obtained vapor with a porous separating wall, the pores of the porous separating wall are acted upon by a gas or gas mixture supplied through the pores of the porous separating wall in a counterstream to the vapor.

Abstract: System for the artificial underground irrigation or watering of soil, with flexible tubing of a porous material, characterized by tubes with a non-expanded porous inside structure. The tubes are obtained through extrusion of a homogeneous mixture of at least two components, one component a meltable polymer and the other component a liquid inert in relation to the polymer. Both components forming a binary system displaying in liquid aggregate state a range of complete miscibility and a range with a miscibility gap. Preferred parameters include an inside tubing wall surface with open pores and an outer wall surface, the degree of openings of which, calculated as fraction of open area, is reduced at least 20% in relation to the inside wall surface; open pores in the outer wall surface for the most part of a pore diameter of less than 4 .mu.m; tubes with a pore cavity volume of from 50-90%; tubes made of polypropylene; tubes made of glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene; tubing wall thickness of about 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: Fermented beverages of a reduced alcohol contents are made by causing the fermented beverage having a normal alcohol contents as produced in the fermentation to flow along one face of a dialysis membrane at a pressure differential below 5.0 bar while simultaneously a dialysate liquid which is substantially alcohol-free is passed along the other face of the dialysate membrane. An apparatus for carrying out the process comprises a housing in which two separate chambers are provided. Each chamber has separate inlet and outlet ducts. The inlet ducts are connected to separate feeding devices for liquids. Separate regulating devices are arranged for regulating the flow through each of said two chambers and means are provided for regulating the pressure differential between the two chambers.

Abstract: A composite material consisting of at least three layers joined by welds, wherein, in order to prevent the intrusion of cold, as well as to improve the hand, the points of fusion do not join all layers, but in each case only a part thereof. It is especially suitable for the manufacture of clothing and bedding. A new process and apparatus for its manufacture is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the transfer of heat by means of hollow filaments which extend in the form of a helix and/or a spiral and are provided in more than two layers. The apparatus may be made up of a multilayer winding. The outer diameter of the hollow filaments is preferably 0.05-1 mm and the wall thickness is 5-20% of the outer diameter. The invention also relates to the use of this heat exchanger in various heating systems.

Abstract: A hollow filament module comprising an annular package of hollow filaments having a longitudinal axis, an axially extending flow channel of a hardened mass, and an outer mantle likewise of a hardened mass coaxial with said flow channel and radially outwardly arranged from the latter, the hollow filaments forming the package being curved and of substantially equal lengths and extending in substantially radial direction in planes forming with the aforementioned axis an angle of substantially 90.degree.

Abstract: A gear pump with reduced power requirement for conveying viscous liquids, especially thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer melts or a viscose spinning liquid, with intermeshed gear wheels rotatably mounted on parallel shafts while encased or circumscribed in a pump housing, i.e. enclosed on either side of the gear wheels and around the periphery thereof with an inlet opening for liquid feed means leading into the meshed point or area where the gear wheels disengage or become unmeshed and with an outlet opening for liquid discharge means leading away from the meshing point or area where the gear wheels engage or become meshed, the liquid thus being conveyed by the gear teeth from the inlet opening on one side of the meshing point around the outer portion of each gear to the outlet opening on the other side of the meshing point. A normal pressure-sealing or backflow-inhibiting radial gap is provided over at least a portion of each gear wheel periphery, i.e.

Abstract: An aerodynamically supported roller bearing is disclosed, having means for connecting a compressed gas supply and using the compressed gas to bring the roller up to a desired speed. The design of the roller then permits the compressed gas supply to be reduced or turned off while the roller continues to be aerodynamically supported. Advantageously, some minimal compressed gas is continued through the roller to purge the roller of potential dust particles interfering with the operation of the roller.

Abstract: Thin walled tubing formed of a melt spinnable synthetic polymer having a flow-through cross-section amounting to 30 to 95% of the total tubular cross-section and a breaking elongation of less than 100% prepared by melt spinning a synthetic polymer so as to form a tube and then drawing off the tube thus formed at a velocity which is greater than 3500 m/min. Preferably the process is carried out under utilization of the phenomena of natural fiber bending whereby the distance between the spinning means and the take-off means can be decreased.

Abstract: A mat material suitable for use for reinforcing plastics, as an upholstery material, filter material and various other purposes is made by melt spinning a synthetic polymeric material onto a moving embossed surface where the filaments become melt fused together at mutual points of contact. A gas or gas producing substance is mixed with the melt prior to extrusion to produce a plurality of adjacent, separate, discontinuous cavities in the filament.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of monofilaments for melt-spun synthetic polymers at high speeds. Lower spinning heights than conventional spinning applications are obtained by using the phenomena of natural yarn deflection.

Abstract: A mat material suitable for use for reinforcing plastics, as an upholstery material, filter material and various other purposes is made by melt spinning a synthetic polymeric material onto a moving embossed surface where the filaments become melt fused together at mutual points of contact. A gas or gas producing substance is mixed with the melt prior to extrusion to produce a plurality of adjacent, separate, discontinuous cavities in the filament.

Abstract: A high-speed winding apparatus for producing a filamentary spool package on a spool sleeve including spool holder means which engages the spool sleeve and which is rotatably mounted by means of a first set of anti-friction bearings onto a spool carrier which in turn is rotatably mounted by means of a second set of anti-friction bearings onto a support member. Drive means are provided to at least rotatably drive said spool holder means either directly or by a friction roll contacting the cylindrical surface of the spool package. The spool carrier is preferably also driven by a common or separate drive means at rotational speed proportionately slower than said spool holder means. The apparatus is especially useful for the take-up winding of filaments, threads, yarns or the like as employed in spin-drawing and high-speed spinning machines requiring linear winding speeds in excess of 5,000 meters/minute and spool revolutions of more than 30,000 rpm.