Abstract: The invention provides for pigment preparations containing, as main components, A) at least a finely divided organic or inorganic pigment, B) a dispersing agent composed of formaldehyde-arylsulfonic acid or oxalkylated phenols condensates, C) a radiation curable binder, D) optionally a photoinitiator, and E) water. The invention also provides for the use of said preparations as inks for said ink jet printing method.

Abstract: Polymerizable liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula IZ.sup.1 --Y.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Y.sup.3 --M--Y.sup.4 --A.sup.2 --Y.sup.2 --Z.sup.2 IwhereZ.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are radicals containing reactive groups via which polymerization can be effected,Y.sup.1 -Y.sup.4 are a single chemical bond, oxygen, sulfur, --O--CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--O--, --CO--NR--, --NR--CO--, --O--CO--NR--, --NR--CO--O-- or --NR--CO--NR--, where at least one of the groups Y.sup.3 and Y.sup.4 is --O--CO--O--, --O--CO--NR--, --NR--CO--O-- or --NR--CO--NR--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are spacers having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in which the carbon chain may be interrupted by ether oxygen, thioether sulfur or by nonadjacent imino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylimino groups,M is a mesogenic group,R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,and compositions comprising them are distinguished by favorable liquid-crystalline phase-temperature ranges and can be used in optical display devices and in cholesteric liquid-crystalline colorants.

Abstract: A process for preparing pigment particles of defined size and shape comprises treating a sheetlike structure having through openings of defined shape and size with a polymerizable substance or mixture of substances in such a way that the openings are filled, removing any solvent present, polymerizing the substance or substance mixture, and isolating the resulting pigment particles from the openings. The pigments are readily varied in size and shape by variation of the substrate parameters and are useful for the known pigment applications, especially coatings, paints and inks.

Abstract: Use of compounds in the plastic columnar discotic liquid-crystal phase for transport of electric charges.

Abstract: Chiral compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where: R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3,R.sup.4 are hydrogen or aromatic, aliphatic or araliphatic radicals having 1 to 40 carbon atoms,R.sup.5,R.sup.6,R.sup.7,R.sup.8 are aromatic or aliphatic radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 contains a polymerizable group,are used as dopes in liquid crystals, in compositions for coating substrates and in the preparation of interference pigments which can be used in printing inks and surface coatings.

Abstract: The use of low molecular-weight or polymeric organic compounds which are present in the columnar-helical phase and have liquid-crystalline properties, as photoconductors or in electronic components, corresponding photoconductive layers, an electrophotographic recording material and a method for enhancing the photoconductivity.

Abstract: Process for preparing pigments by applying a polymerizable mixture to a surface, orienting the liquid crystals present in the mixture, polymerizing the mixture, detaching the polymer film from the surface and comminuting the polymer film to form pigment particles, wherein the polymerizable mixture comprises:a.sub.1) at least one chiral liquid-crystalline polymerizable monomer ora.sub.2) at least one achiral liquid-crystalline polymerizable monomer and a chiral compound, and additionallyb) a polymeric binder and/or monomeric compounds which are converted by polymerization into a polymeric binder and/or a dispersion auxiliary.

Abstract: Polymerized liquid-crystalline compositions are obtainable by radiation curing of mixtures comprising P0 a) one or more cellulose derivatives in which some or all of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose are replaced by --OR, 13 O--CO--NH--R, --O--CO--R or --O--CO--OR, where each R can be identical or different and is an aliphatic or aromatic radical of up to 20 carbons,b) one or more polymerizable monomers andc) if desired, further additives.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral compounds containing at least one divalent or polyvalent chiral group, at least one polymerizable group, at least one spacer and at least one mesogenic group, and to their use as polymerizable, chiral dopes for the preparation of cholesteric networks.The novel compounds are suitable for use in electro-optical displays or as chiral dopes for nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals in order to produce layers which reflect in colors.

Abstract: Mixtures of liquid-crystalline compounds comprising at least two different substances of the formula I ##STR1## where Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2, independently of one another, are polymerizable groups,Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2, independently of one another, are each a direct bond, --O--, --COO--, --OCO-- or --S--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2, independently of one another, are spacers, andR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are conventional substituents,and novel compounds of the above formula where at least two of Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are not identical, are described. The novel mixtures and compounds are suitable, inter alia, as base material for color-effect materials and piezomaterials, preferably in chirally doped form.

Abstract: Chiral compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or --Y--Z--Y.sup.1,R.sup.2 is ##STR2## and X is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxyl or OR.sup.1, whereY is a direct bond, CO or C.sub.2 - to C.sub.8 -alkylene in which nonadjacent carbon atoms may be replaced by O, CO, COO or OCO,Z is a group containing one or more saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings,Y.sup.1 is C.sub.1 - to C.sub.15 -alkyl, C.sub.2 - to C.sub.15 -alkenyl, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.15 -alkoxy, C.sub.2 - to C.sub.15 -alkenyloxy, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.15 -alkanoyloxy or C.sub.3 - to C.sub.15 -alkenoyloxy, it being possible for nonadjacent carbon atoms in these radicals to be replaced by oxygen, OCO or COO, andn is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula IX(--Y--A--Y--M--Y--B).sub.n I,whereX is an aromatic or aliphatic ring system,n is an integer from 2 to 6,each Y, independently of the others, is a direct bond, --COO--, --OCO--, --O--, --CONH-- or --CON(R)--, where R is C.sub.1 -- to C.sub.4 -alkyl,A is a spacer,M is a mesogenic group andB is a side chain,are particularly suitable for use in displays or for the production of light-reflecting coatings.

Abstract: A process for coating or printing substrates with a coating or printing composition comprises applying a polymerizable material containing liquid-crystalline, polymerizable monomers which carryat least two polymerizable groups for coating andat least one polymerizable group for printing,to the substrate, and subsequently carrying out the polymerization, where the coating composition or the printing composition comprisesa.sub.1) a chiral liquid-crystalline monomer andb) a polymeric binder and/or monomeric compounds which can be converted into the polymeric binder by polymerization, or, in the case of emulsion coatings and printing inks, a dispersion auxiliary d),or the coating composition or the printing composition comprisesa.sub.

Abstract: The use of low molecular-weight or polymeric organic compounds which are present in the columnar-helical phase and have liquid-crystalline properties, as photoconductors or in electronic components, corresponding photoconductive layers, an electrophotographic recording material and a method for enhancing the photoconductivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral compounds containing at least one divalent or polyvalent chiral group, at least one polymerizable group, at least one spacer and at least one mesogenic group, and to their use as polymerizable, chiral dopes for the preparation of cholesteric networks. The novel compounds are suitable for use in electro-optical displays or as chiral dopes for nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals in order to produce layers which reflect in colors.

Abstract: Chiral nematic polyesters comprise as alcohol component chiral diol structural units and as acid component dicarboxylic acid residues comprising mesogenic groups. The polyesters are particularly suitable for surface coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral compounds of the general formulaA--Y--(M--Y).sub.n --B--(Y--M).sub.n --Y--AwhereB is a radical of the formula ##STR1## and where the radicals A independently of one another are C.sub.1 - to C.sub.20 -alkyl which may be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine or cyano and may be interrupted by O, S, NH, NCH.sub.3, COO or OCO,X are carbon or boron,Y independently of one another are a chemical bond, O, S, NH, N(CH.sub.3), COO or OCO andM independently of one another are a mesogenic group andn independently of one another are 0 or 1 with the proviso that one n is other than 0.The compounds according to the invention are suitable as dopes in liquid-crystalline media.

Abstract: A polymerizable, chiral compound of the formula (I):(Z--Y.sup.1 -A-O--CO--O-M-Y.sup.2).sub.n X (I)where:A, M, Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2, X, n and Z are as defined herein; and which compound is suitable for use in electro-optical displays or as chiral dopes for nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals for the production of layers which reflect in colors.

Abstract: Novel triphenylene compounds which contain, bonded to the triphenylene framework, at least three ethylenically unsaturated groups or groups carrying oxiranyl or thiiranyl groups, and a process for the preparation of discotic liquid crystalline crosslinked polymers.

Abstract: Described herein are chiral compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or --Y--Z--Y.sup.1,R.sup.2 is ##STR2## and X is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxyl or OR.sup.1, whereY is a direct bond, CO or C.sub.2 - to C.sub.8 -alkylene in which nonadjacent carbon atoms may be replaced by O, CO, COO or OCO,Z is a group containing one or more saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings,Y.sup.1 is C.sub.1 - to C.sub.15 -alkyl, C.sub.2 - to C.sub.15 -alkenyl, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.15 -alkoxy, C.sub.2 - to C.sub.15 -alkenyloxy, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.15 -alkanoyloxy or C.sub.3 - to C.sub.15 -alkenoyloxy, it being possible for nonadjacent carbon atoms in these radicals to be replaced by oxygen, OCO or COO, andn is 0, 1 or 2.