Abstract: Ester-sulfonate-containing liquid surfactant concentrates containing one or more surfactants in a quantity of 50 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the concentrates, selected from the group consisting of alkali metal of .alpha.-sulfonated fatty acid alkyl esters such as anionic surfactants and linear aliphatic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers as nonionic surfactants in a ratio of anionic surfactant to nonionic surfactant of from 1:0.3 to 1:3, one or more saturated and/or unsaturated linear aliphatic carboxylic acids in a quantity of from 10 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the concentrates, and water in a quantity of from 0 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the concentrates. The invention also relates to the use of these concentrates in fabric detergents, dishwashing detergents and cleaning preparations for domestic and industrial purposes.

Abstract: Aqueous liquid laundering and cleaning detergent compositions, essentially free from inorganic builder salts, comprising:(a) 20-40 wt. % of a mixture of nonionic surfactants of the formula:RO--[CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--O]m--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O)n--H (I)where R is a C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 aliphatic hydrocarbon group; m=1-5; n=3-20; n>m; and the mixture is composed of:(i) 5-9 parts by weight of a Formula I compound where n=3-9,(ii) 1-5 parts by weight of a Formula I compound where n=10-20, and(iii) 0-6 parts by weight of a Formula I compound where m=1-3, and n=9-11;(b) 2-25 wt. % of a sodium, potassium, mono-, di- or trialkanolamine soap of a C.sub.10 1-C.sub.20 fatty acid;(c) 0.001-2 wt. % of a proteolytic enzyme; and(d) 5-25 wt. % C.sub.2 14 C.sub.4 mono- or polyhydroxy alcohol;wherein (a) and (b) together are 30-50 wt. % of the composition, and a 1% aqueous solution thereof has a pH of 6.5-9.

Abstract: Mixtures of vicinal aminoalkanols of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl having from 1 to 21 carbon atoms and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 +R.sub.2 is from 6 to 22, A is a member selected from the group consisting of alkylene having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and methylalkylene having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms, y is an integer from 1 to 3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and their salts with organic carboxylic acids, said mixtures having at least two different adjacent chain lengths of ##STR2## in the range of from 8 to 24 carbon atoms with the proviso that the vicinal substituents are distributed statistically; as well as their process of preparation and their application as corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cosmetic cleaning agents containing surface-active betaines of the formula. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and/or hydrogen and the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 9 to 18; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and are lower alkyl or alkylol groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, x is an integer of 2 to 4, y is either 0 or 1, and z is an integer of 1 to 4; as well as their application as cleaning agents, for example, in hair washing and bathing preparations.

Abstract: Branched-chain aliphatic ester oils comprising full esters of branched-chain aliphatic polyols having from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups with mixtures of saturated, branched-chain, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having from 14 to 22 carbon atoms and saturated straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having from 8 to 10 carbon atoms, as well as their use alone, or as mixture components, as lubricants or hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: A stream of molten metal is monitored as to emitted radiation to detect the onset of inclusion of slag for stopping the stream.

Abstract: A high viscosity neutral complex polyester lubricant reaction product produced by esterifying a mixture of(a) branched alkanepolyols having 2 to 4 primary hydroxyls and 4 to 10 carbon atoms,(b) polyacids selected from the group consisting of dimeric fatty acids and trimeric fatty acids derived by polymerization of unsaturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms,(c) alkanoic acids having 6 to 16 carbon atoms,The acid number of said polyester being 0.3 or below and the hydroxyl number of said polyester being below 0.5, the proportion of hydroxyl groups esterified by said alkanoic acids being from 50% to 90%. The said complex polyester lubricant having a low pour point, a high viscosity and a high viscosity index.

Abstract: The tendency of particles of water-soluble hygroscopic salts and fertilizers containing water-soluble hygroscopic salts to cake when allowed to stand is decreased when the particles have a uniformly distributed surface content of an aminoalkanol material selected from the group consisting of (1) a mixture of vicinal aminoalkanols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent H or --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-18 H; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together contain 9-18 carbon atoms; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represent H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl and C.sub.2-4 hydroxyalkyl; and (2) salts thereof with water-soluble acids.The aminoalkanols can be applied from organic solvent or water solution, or as a hot melt.

Abstract: A method of extracting mineral oil from subterranean formation by flooding comprising the steps of forcing an aqueous liquid into a subterranean formation containing mineral oil and displacing the mineral oil through at least one bore hole in the subterranean formation, said aqueous liquid containing from 0.01% to 15% by weight of an amphoteric surface-active compound selected from the group consisting of (1) a betaine having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 + R.sub.2 is from 9 to 18, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are members selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and lower alkylol, x is an integer from 2 to 4, y is an integer from 0 to 1 and z is an integer from 1 to 4, and (2) mixtures of said betaine with up to 20% by weight of an acid having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.

Abstract: The reaction of an aminoalkanol of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are C.sub.1-17 aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sup.1 + R.sup.2 being from 9 to 18); R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent the same or different C.sub.1-6 alkyl or alkylol groups; x represents a integer from 2 to 4; and y represents 0 or 1, with a water-soluble halocarboxylic acid provides quaternary ammonium compounds. The compounds are amphoteric surface-active agents which are soluble in water containing high concentrations of NaCl, and are useful in the recovery of underground petroleum by the flooding method.

Abstract: Corrodible iron-containing metals (including steel) possess decreased tendency to corrode when contacted with aqueous media (including dilute strong mineral acids) when they carry a surface coating of mixtures of aminoalkanols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a C.sub.1-21 alkyl; and wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is 6 to 22. The vicinal ##STR2## substituents are non-terminal and are preferably uniformly distributed along the chain. The aminoalkanols are useful both in free base and in salt form.

Abstract: Branched-chain aliphatic ester oils comprising full esters of branched-chain aliphatic polyols having from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups with saturated, branched-chain, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having from 14 to 22 carbon atoms, as well as their use alone, or as mixture components, as lubricants or hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: Lubricants for the cold-working of aluminum and aluminum alloys applicable in aqueous solutions consisting of hydroxyalkyl-aminobutyric acids having the formula ##STR1## wherein R' and R" are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms with the proviso that the sum of carbon atoms in both R' and R" is from 6 to 20 and only one of R' and R" can be hydrogen; as well as aqueous preparations containing from 0.1 to 10% by weight of the hydroxyalkyl-aminobutyric acids and the method of cold-working aluminum and aluminum alloys employing the said aqueous preparation.