Abstract: For reduction of toxic components in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, particularly of nitrogen oxides in motor vehicles, a portion of the exhaust gases, essentially operating as inert gases, are recirculated into the combustion chamber of the engine for the purpose of reducing the peak combustion temperature. In the air intake region the engine is fed an adjustable mixture of partially recirculated exhaust gas and air, wherein the mass of in-flowing air and the mass of exhaust gas recirculated from the engine following its cleaning and cooling are fed respectively to its own flow rate sensor. From the determined mass flow amounts of in-flowing air and recirculated exhaust gas, an actual value signal is formed and compared with a target value signal dependent upon the respective performance specification. A regulation deviation of the actual value signal leads to an adjustment signal, which intervenes into the exhaust gas recirculation for the purpose of adjusting the amount recirculated.

Abstract: An electrical resistor having an electrically insulating substrate has a planar conductor path, which is electrically and mechanically firmly connected to the substrate by at least two spaced-apart base portions arranged on the substrate, and the conductor path is provided at its ends with connection contact fields in the respective areas of the base portions. The electrical resistor is preferably used as a temperature-dependent measuring resistor having rapid responsiveness for measurement of through-flow gas streams in motor vehicle engine applications.

Abstract: In order to connect contact surfaces of electric component blanks for layer resistors to at least two elongated, metallic connection leads, elongated, slot-shaped openings are made, e.g., by etching, in a continuous metal sheet to manufacture a connection lead blank. The openings border on later connection leads of the connection blank and cross-struts yet to be removed. In a second step, the connection lead blank is brought into a cassette and seized, whereby one of the cross-struts projects out of the cassette and is separated in a third step, such that the free ends of the parallel-running connection leads project out of the cassette. In a fourth step, the cassette is brought into a bonding or welding device, so that the free ends of the connection leads cover the contact surfaces of a component blank or a multi-component blank and are connected together by a bonding or welding operation. In case a multi-component blank (multi-unit plate) is used, it is then separated into individual components.

Abstract: A temperature-dependent measuring resistance with low mass and thereby rapid response time has a conductor path provided with at least two connection contact pads. The conductor path is applied to a metal substrate with an insulation layer (membrane) situated thereon. A portion of the conductor path spans a recess of the substrate in a bridge-like manner. The conductor path is selectively covered by a passivation layer up to its connection contact pads.

Abstract: A temperature-dependent measuring resistance with rapid response time is at least partially arranged on an electrically insulating surface of a ceramic substrate, wherein a portion of the conductor path spans a recess situated in the substrate in a bridge-like manner, and the remaining portion of the conductor path in the edge area of the substrate adjacent to the recess is provided with connection contact fields. The conductor path comprises a platinum or gold layer, wherein the conductor path is partially provided with a cover layer of glass, and wherein the connection contact fields are exposed. In a further embodiment, the conductor path is arranged together with the connection contact fields either on a screen-printed glass membrane or on a thin film membrane applied in a PVD process, which covers the surface of the ceramic substrate and spans the recess. The cover layer is likewise selectively applied by screen printing in case there is a glass membrane.