Abstract: A device and a method for performing an assay is provided. The assay device, which may be used for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample, includes a plurality of microchambers and a Field-effect transistor (FET) arranged at the bottom of each of the plurality of microchambers. Capture probe molecules for the analyte can be arranged within the plurality of microchambers such that each microchamber contains at most one capture probe molecule. The FET can be arranged in said microchamber to give a readable output signal based on binding of the analyte, or competitor to the analyte, with the capture probe molecule.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing an analyte-recognizing molecule (1) on a surface (2?) functionalized with chemical groups Y1 suitable for reacting with a chemical group X2 of a coupling molecule (7) to form a reaction product comprising a chemical group Y2 suitable for reacting with the analyte-recognizing molecule (1), the method comprising the steps of: a) Providing the functionalized surface (2?), b) Contacting the functionalized surface (2?) with a solution (6) comprising simultaneously: i) The coupling molecule (7), and ii) The analyte-recognizing molecule (1).

Abstract: A method for sequencing a template polynucleotide, comprising the steps of: a) Providing a sensor comprising: an active region comprising a source region, a drain region, and a channel region, a dielectric region on the channel region, a polymerase coupled to the dielectric region, the polymerase having an active site, the polymerase being separated from the dielectric region by a gap, one or more sensitizing means, a fluidic gate region to which the polymerase is exposed, a template polynucleotide bound to a primer, the template polynucleotide being bound to the polymerase; b) Exposing the polymerase to one or more nucleotide polyphosphates; and c) Electrically monitoring changes in the channel region electrical properties.

Abstract: A device and a method for performing an assay is provided. The assay device, which may be used for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample, includes a plurality of microchambers and a Field-effect transistor (FET) arranged at the bottom of each of the plurality of microchambers. Capture probe molecules for the analyte can be arranged within the plurality of microchambers such that each microchamber contains at most one capture probe molecule. The FET can be arranged in said microchamber to give a readable output signal based on binding of the analyte, or competitor to the analyte, with the capture probe molecule.

Abstract: A sensor is provided. The sensor includes a field effect transistor comprising: an active region comprising a source region, a drain region, and a channel region between the source region and the drain region; a dielectric region on the channel region; an enzyme coupled to the dielectric region, the enzyme having an active site for interacting with a substrate; an electrolyte-screening layer coupled to the dielectric region, covering part of the enzyme while leaving the active site uncovered, thereby permitting interaction of the substrate with the active site, and a fluidic gate region to which the active site of the enzyme is exposed. A biosensing device including one or more of the sensors is also provided.

Abstract: The disclosed technology generally relates to storing data, and more particularly relates to a method of storing data in a polymer, where the data comprises a sequence of bits. In one aspect, the method comprises receiving a sequence of bits to be stored and providing a group of different homo-bifunctional monomers. Each homo-bifunctional monomer comprises a core structure having identical functional groups attached at two different positions of the core structure. The group of different homo-bifunctional monomers comprises homo-bifunctional monomers having at least two different core structures. The method further comprises linking the different homo-bifunctional monomers together to form the polymer having a sequence of monomer core structures representing the sequence of bits to be stored. The different homo-bifunctional monomers are linked together using a click chemistry reaction between the functional groups of the different homo-bifunctional monomers.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing an analyte-recognizing molecule (1) on a surface (2?) functionalized with chemical groups Y1 suitable for reacting with a chemical group X2 of a coupling molecule (7) to form a reaction product comprising a chemical group Y2 suitable for reacting with the analyte-recognizing molecule (1), the method comprising the steps of: a) Providing the functionalized surface (2?), b) Contacting the functionalized surface (2?) with a solution (6) comprising simultaneously: i) The coupling molecule (7), and ii) The analyte-recognizing molecule (1).

Abstract: A method (200) for determining a concentration of an analyte in a fluid or fluid sample, comprises: providing (201) a SERS substrate comprising receptor molecules (107) capable of binding competitor molecules (106); contacting (202) the SERS substrate (102) with a fluid (sample) comprising analyte (108) and such competitor molecules (106); radiating (203) the SERS substrate (102) with a light source while measuring a SERS signal; and determining (205) a concentration of the analyte (108) based on the measured signal level. A corresponding device and system are also provided.

Abstract: A method for creating a pattern on a substrate (101) is presented, the method comprises: providing a substrate (101) comprising silicon; creating a sacrificial layer (102) on the substrate (101), wherein the sacrificial layer is formed on a first surface area (101a) of the substrate thereby leaving a second surface area (101b) exposed; depositing a first functional layer (103) at least on the second surface area (101b) of the substrate (101); removing the sacrificial layer (102); wherein: removing the sacrificial layer (102) is performed by etching the sacrificial layer (102) with an acidic aqueous solution that does not adversely affect the first functional layer (103) and the substrate (101).

Abstract: A method for creating a pattern on a substrate (101) is presented, the method comprises: providing a substrate (101) comprising silicon; creating a sacrificial layer (102) on the substrate (101), wherein the sacrificial layer is formed on a first surface area (101a) of the substrate thereby leaving a second surface area (101b) exposed; depositing a first functional layer (103) at least on the second surface area (101b) of the substrate (101); removing the sacrificial layer (102); wherein: removing the sacrificial layer (102) is performed by etching the sacrificial layer (102) with an acidic aqueous solution that does not adversely affect the first functional layer (103) and the substrate (101).

Abstract: A method (200) for determining a concentration of an analyte in a fluid or fluid sample, comprises: providing (201) a SERS substrate comprising receptor molecules (107) capable of binding competitor molecules (106); contacting (202) the SERS substrate (102) with a fluid (sample) comprising analyte (108) and such competitor molecules (106); radiating (203) the SERS substrate (102) with a light source while measuring a SERS signal; and determining (205) a concentration of the analyte (108) based on the measured signal level. A corresponding device and system are also provided.

Abstract: An article is provided for immobilizing functional organic biomolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA, and the like) through a covalent bond to a thiolate or disulfide monolayer to a metal surface wherein an extra activation step of the surface layer or an activation step of the functional biomolecules or bioreceptors could be avoided. The monolayer can contain, but is not limited to, two moieties. One has a group that resists nonspecific adsorption and another has a group that directly (without activation) reacts with functional groups on the biomolecules. In addition, poly(ethylene oxide) groups are incorporated in the monolayer surfaces to resist the nonspecific adsorption and to enhance the specific affinity interactions. A sensor device including these monolayers is also provided to perform reproducible, sensitive, specific and stable bioanalysis.

Abstract: An article is provided for immobilizing functional organic biomolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA, and the like) through a covalent bond to a thiolate or disulfide monolayer to a metal surface wherein an extra activation step of the surface layer or an activation step of the functional biomolecules or bioreceptors could be avoided. The monolayer can contain, but is not limited to, two moieties. One has a group that resists nonspecific adsorption and another has a group that directly (without activation) reacts with functional groups on the biomolecules. In addition, poly(ethylene oxide) groups are incorporated in the monolayer surfaces to resist the nonspecific adsorption and to enhance the specific affinity interactions. A sensor device including these monolayers is also provided to perform reproducible, sensitive, specific and stable bioanalysis.

Abstract: An article is provided for immobilizing functional organic biomolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA, and the like) through a covalent bond to a thiolate or disulfide monolayer to a metal surface wherein an extra activation step of the surface layer or an activation step of the functional biomolecules or bioreceptors could be avoided. The article comprises mixed self-assembled monolayers of thiol or disulfide molecules of formula X1—(CH2)c—O—([CH2]t—CH2—O)n—R1—S—X2 incorporating poly(ethylene oxide) groups and two functional groups, X1 and X2. Preferably, one functional group resists nonspecific adsorption and the other functional group directly (without activation) reacts with functional groups on the biomolecules. The functional group X1 is selected from the group consisting of flurophenyl, fluorobenzoyl, fluorophenoxycarbonyl, nitrophenoxycarbonyl, C2-12 alkenyl, sulfonyl halide, isothiocyanato, isocyanato, carbonyl halide, haloalkylcarbonyl, and diazonium carbonyl.

Abstract: An article is provided for immobilizing functional organic biomolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA, and the like) through a covalent bond to a thiolate or disulfide monolayer to a metal surface wherein an extra activation step of the surface layer or an activation step of the functional biomolecules or bioreceptors could be avoided. The monolayer can contain, but is not limited to, two moieties. One has a group that resists nonspecific adsorption and another has a group that directly (without activation) reacts with functional groups on the biomolecules. In addition, poly(ethylene oxide) groups are incorporated in the monolayer surfaces to resist the nonspecific adsorption and to enhance the specific affinity interactions. A sensor device including these monolayers is also provided to perform reproducible, sensitive, specific and stable bioanalysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a silane molecule which combines pre-activated and protein-resistant functionalities in one molecule; the molecule has a general formula: A-(CH2)n—(O[CH2]t)m—(CH2)v—Y ??(1) wherein A is a functional group for binding to a substrate and Y is a functional group for binding to biomolecules. The invention furthermore provides a method for the synthesis of such a silane molecule and a method for depositing a monolayer of such silane molecules onto a substrate. Such a monolayer of silane molecules may be used in biosensors, DNA/protein micro-arrays or other sensor applications. For further lowering the protein binding to the surface of the biosensor, the monolayer may furthermore comprise second silane molecules with formula: B—(CH2)o—(OCH2CH2)r—Z.

Abstract: The present invention provides a silane molecule which combines pre-activated and protein-resistant functionalities in one molecule; the molecule has a general formula: A-(CH2)n—(O[CH2]t)m—(CH2)v—Y??(1) wherein A is a functional group for binding to a substrate and Y is a functional group for binding to biomolecules. The invention furthermore provides a method for the synthesis of such a silane molecule and a method for depositing a monolayer of such silane molecules onto a substrate. Such a monolayer of silane molecules may be used in biosensors, DNA/protein micro-arrays or other sensor applications.