Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of d-erythro-sphingosine and analogs thereof, wherein the method comprises a step of condensing a compound of formula (2): or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen, a C1-50 alkyl, preferably a C1-15 alkyl, more preferably a C10-15 alkyl, which may be saturated or contain one or more double and/or triple bonds, and/or which may contain one or more functional groups, the functional group being preferably selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy group, a secondary, or tertiary amine, a thioether, an acyloxy group, an acylamido group, a phosphorus containing functional group, a carboxyl group, or a carbonyl group, with a compound of formula (3): wherein the bond represents a double or a single bond, W is C, or C(OR4), Z is O, or OR5, provided that: when W is C, the bond is a double bond and Z is O, or when W is C(OR4), the bond is a single bond and Z is OR5, and wherein R2 and R3 are independently selected from a saturate

Abstract: A novel relationship between pancreatico-biliary secretion and autistic syndrome is disclosed. This relationship enables a novel therapy for the treatment of the symptoms of autistic syndromes, comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective, preferably intravenous, dose of secretin to an individual with autistic syndrome. The relationship further enables a differential diagnosis for autistic syndrome, comprising an analysis of an individual's blood and/or intestinal tissue for the presence of secretin and comparison of the level of secretin to known norms.

Abstract: A novel relationship between pancreatico-biliary secretion and autistic syndrome is disclosed. This relationship enables a novel therapy for the treatment of the symptoms of autistic syndromes, comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective, preferably intravenous, dose of secretin to an individual with autistic syndrome. The relationship further enables a differential diagnosis for autistic syndrome, comprising an analysis of an individual's blood and/or intestinal tissue for the presence of secretin and comparison of the level of secretin to known norms.

Abstract: A novel relationship between pancreatico-biliary secretion and autistic syndrome is disclosed. This relationship enables a novel therapy for the treatment of the symptoms of autistic syndromes, comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective, preferably intravenous, dose of secretin to an individual with autistic syndrome. The relationship further enables a differential diagnosis for autistic syndrome, comprising an analysis of an individual's blood and/or intestinal tissue for the presence of secretin and comparison of the level of secretin to known norms.

Abstract: A novel relationship between pancreatico-biliary secretion and autistic syndrome is disclosed. This relationship enables a novel therapy for the treatment of the symptoms of autistic syndromes, comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective, preferably intravenous, dose of secretin to an individual with autistic syndrome. The relationship further enables a differential diagnosis for autistic syndrome, comprising an analysis of an individual's blood and/or intestinal tissue for the presence of secretin and comparison of the level of secretin to known norms.

Abstract: A method of preventing necrotizing tissue injury in the gastrointestinal tract comprising orally administering glutamine is disclosed. Glutamine protects tissues along the gastrointestinal tract by blocking translocation of bacterial agents such as gram (-) bacteria, other infectious agents, toxins, chemicals and injurious substances. The intraluminal/apical presence of the glutamine optimizes mucosal defense and increases nutrient absorption. Enteral glutamine is useful in treating neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis for reducing inflammation caused by bacterial translocation and injury. Oral glutamine is also useful in treating gastrointestinal dysfunctions. When glutamine is orally administered, it coats gastrointestinal mucosa thereby treating infectious and/or inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. It is useful in treating pathologic conditions with lowered transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) by acting as a curative agent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a compound of the formula (XI) ##STR1## or a salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkoxy, or trifluoromethyl;R.sup.5 is amino or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonylamino; andR.sup.4" is C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkynyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, or 2-phenyl-ethyl, which comprises the steps of:(a) reacting a compound of the formula (VIII) ##STR2## or a salt thereof, with a basic nucleophilic compound to yield a salt of the formula (IX) ##STR3## wherein R.sup.4' is a lone pair of electrons, in which case an alkali metal or alkali earth metal cation forms a salt with the sulfur atom; and(b) reacting a salt of the formula (IX) with a compound of the formula (X)R.sup.4' --QwhereinQ is hydroxyl, halogen, 1/2SO.sub.4, 1/3PO.sub.3, SO.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5, or SO.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.3 to yield the desired product.

Abstract: The invention relates to new, 7-substituted PGI.sub.2 -derivatives of formula (I) ##STR1## The new compounds have valuable therapeutical properties, and in particular show prostacyclin-like effects.

Abstract: A new process is disclosed for the preparation of a compound of the formula (VIII) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-3 alkoxy, or trifluoromethyl;R.sup.5 is amino or C.sub.1-4 alkoxycarbonylamino; or a salt thereof, which comprises reacting a compound of the formula (II) ##STR2## with gaseous chlorine and a rhodanide of the formula (III)R--SCN (III)wherein R represents a metal ion or ammonium.

Abstract: 2,3,4-trinor-1,5-inter-m-phenylene-prostacycline derivatives of the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, an alkali metal cation or a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium cation,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represent hydrogen or a C.sub.1-4 alkanoyl, benzoyl, substituted benzoyl, tetrahydropyranyl, ethoxyethyl or tri-(C.sub.1-4 alkyl)-silyl group,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, andR.sup.5 is a hexyl, heptyl, phenoxymethyl or m-trifluoromethylphenoxymethyl group, orR.sup.5 represents a group of the general formula ##STR2## and in this latter formula Z is an amino group or an optionally halo-substituted C.sub.1-4 alkanoylamino, benzoylamino or tosylamino group, andR.sup.6 is a C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of novel 4-oxo-PGI.sub.2 derivatives of formula I ##STR1## where (a) compounds of formula III ##STR2## are oxidized, then the obtained 5-substituted-4-oxo-PGI.sub.1 derivatives of general formula II ##STR3## are eliminated by the splitting off of the W-H-molecule, or (b) the compounds of formula IV ##STR4## are reacted in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst with compounds of general formula V ##STR5## then the obtained compounds of formula I are transformed if desired by saponification, hydrolysis, salt formation, insertion of a protection group to another compound which belongs to the compounds of formula I, too.The pharmaceutical products of the invention can be used for the treatment of circulatory diseases, they inhibit the aggregation of blood plaques, dilate the bronchi and inhibit the secretion of gastric acid.